American Studies Midterm

BOLD = mr Stephen answer; BASED OF HIS STUDYGUIDE

 Laissez-faire

 It translates to “leave alone”. People wanted the government to be less involved in the economy, so that businesses would do better. It was thought that it would allow private businesses to make as much money as possible so that their money would trickle down to the lower classes. 

How did the business leaders use their power and influence?

They influenced the government/people in power to make laws that would help them

What is the government’s response to unions and strikes?

They didn’t support it and tried to disperse the strikes

What is urbanization?

When people start to move from rural areas to urban areas (cities)

What factors influenced the growth of cities?

More jobs, new technologies which changed manufacturing, immigrants arriving

How did immigration affect the United States?

They had more workers (helped build cities/railroad), urbanization

How did political machines operate local governments and the community?

A which one of the following is true of political machines: **ALL OF THE ABOVE**

* They provided services to the general 
* They provided business 
* THey dependent on the loyalty
* **All of the above**

The new immigrants arrived from which countries?

Italy, Germany, (Most from Eastern, Southern, and Central Europe)

What was the Social Gospel Movement?

Taking religion and applying it to life

*Taking christian principles and applying them to social situations*

*Do the moral ethical thing all the time*

What is a monopoly? Why are monopolies dangerous?

A market without competition making them the only supplier

Who were Muckrakers?

journalists who exposed corruption in big businesses & government

how did the Jungle affect domestic policy

**Muckraking book- How horrible the meatpacking plants were/ it lead to pure food and drug act, meat inspection act**

led to new federal food safety laws

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Elkins Act

prohibits railroad companies from giving rebates to businesses that ship large quantities of goods and giving power to those businesses to artificially lower shipping prices.

Hepburn Act

 intended to give power to the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) to regulate railroad shipping rates.

Clayton Acts

prohibits mergers and acquisitions where the effect "may be substantially to lessen competition, or to tend to create a monopoly."

**All of the “Acts” do something with** __**restoring competition by eliminating unfair business practices**__ 

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Presidents during progressive era

Theodore Roosevelt, William Taft, and Woodrow Wilson

Theodore Rooselvelts view of the office of president-

bully pulpit, authoritative, dominant

19th amendment

Women's rights women can vote

Purpose of Federal Reserve Board

monitors financial system risks and engages at home and abroad to help ensure the system supports a healthy economy **Establish and set trusts**

What caused the split between and the republicans and the Progressive republicans during Taft’s reelection bid

T. Roosevelt ran as progressive (formerly a republican) causing him and Taft (republican) to split the republican population’s votes… this causes Woodraw Wilson to win

What is imperialism and the factors that cause it?

when a country extends its power into other territories for economic or political gain, economic pressures, human aggressiveness and greed, the search for security

What was the purpose of the open door policy

 to encourage open communication, feedback, and discussion about any concerns employees may have open trade with China

What led to America's entry in the Spanish-American war?

the sinking of the Battleship USS Maine in Havana harbor on February 15, 1898… **joined to protect our relationship with Cuba and the money we spent on Cuba.**

What led to the fighting between the Filipinos and the Americans?

sought independence rather than a change in colonial rulers freedom from american forces

**The Filipinos not only wanted their independence from spanish but america as well**

What were the four causes of W.W.1 and the spark that ignites the war

**Nationalism militarism, imperialism, alliances, Franz Ferdinand’s assination, sank the lusitania**

Give reasons why the Americans favored the Allies in W.W.1

American won so much money by helping the allies… Germany’s attacks on American ships and its attempts to meddle in the U.S.-Mexican relations drew the U.S. into the war on the side of the Allies

Identify American Economic policy in the early years of the war.

**Favored allies but made the U.S. a target for Germany**

**Neutral**

When did the U.S break off diplomatic relations with Germany

 January 31, 1917

How was the American Military received in Europe, and what was their experience?

brought hope and men (but inexperienced)

What features characterized W.W.1?

**trench warfare, lots of casualties, new warfare**

ow did the federal Government promote the American War Effort?

the government increased corporate and personal income taxes

How does Farming change during the War?

Farm prices rose, the Government called for increased production

What was the purpose of the Espionage and sedition Acts

criminalized the publication or distribution of “information” that could harm or hinder US armed forces as well as of “false reports or false statements” intended to promote America's enemies

**You could not spy for german; could not speak against president**

**Silence any anti-war feelings**

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Review Wilson’s Fourteen points

**did not want to punish Germany**

What conditions were imposed on Germany by the Treaty of Versailles

the disarmament of Germany, payment of very large reparations to the allies, and demilitarization of the Rhineland

Why does the U.S Senate reject the Treaty of Versailles?

Senators feared that U.S. involvement in the League of Nations would mean that American troops might be sent into Europe and settle European disputes

What is meant by the term normalcy?

 a return to conservative values and a turning away from President Wilson's internationalism

What happened with the Teapot Dome scandal and who was involved?

**When people gave jobs to their friends… illegal money made, Teapot dome wyoming, Warren G. Harding, oil reserves**

What political party dominates the 20’s and what are their policies?

**Republican, favored business and allowed them to do what they wanted to do**

What innovation of Henry Ford made automobiles affordable?

Assembly Line

How did the Economy of the 1920s fare?

**Economy seemed great, but was superficial and led to major downfall**

What groups threatened the American way of life?

**KKK, Immigrants, Nativism**

What groups are the KKK are against?

Non white groups

Where did most Americans live in the 1920’s?

In urban areas

Who is a “Flapper” and what characterizes one?

A woman who lives freely and liberally.

How did education change in the 1920’s?

More people were enrolling in universities because they had money to spend.

What technology changed culture in the 20’s?

radio

What is Jazz and who were the leaders?

azz is a type of music; leaders are Duke Ellington & Neil Armstrong

What is the 18th Amendment and what problems does it cause in America?

Prohibition(no alcahol), it made the rise of gangs go up

What is the Harlem Renaissance, Where is it located and Who is involved?

revival of african american music, dance, art, fashion, literature, theater, & politics; located in Harlem Manhattan. Members include Langston Hughes and Claude McKay

Which groups clashed during the Scopes trial?

Whether you can teach the theory of evolution. Conservatives against it.

religion/the bible vs science/evolution

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Who are the “lost generation”, and what problem do they have with American Society?

all those who reached adulthood during World War I, disillusioned by the horrors of war, they rejected the traditions of the older generation