Intro to Business Ch.8- Achieving High Performance Through Human Resources Management

HR Management

Process of hiring, developing, motivating, and evaluating employees to achieve organizational goals.

Job Analysis

Study of tasks required to do a job well.

HR Management

Process of hiring, developing, motivating, and evaluating employees to achieve organizational goals.

Job Analysis

Study of tasks required to do a job well.

Job Description

The tasks and responsibilities of a job.

Job Specification

The skills, knowledge, and abilities a person must have to fill a job.

Recruitment

Process of attracting qualified people to form an applicant pool.

Job Fair

Corporate open house, is usually a one-or two-day event at which applicants are briefed about job opportunities, given tours, and encouraged to apply for jobs.

Recruitment Branding

Involves presenting an accurate and positive image of the firm to those being recruited.

Selection

Process of determining which people in the applicant pool possess the qualifications necessary to be successful on the job.

Selection Interview

An in depth discussion of an applicant’s work experience, skills, and abilities, education, and career interests.

Training and Development

Involves learning situations in which the employee acquires additional knowledge or skills to increase job performance.

Orientation

Entails getting the new employee ready to perform on the job.

Job Rotation

Reassignment of workers to several different jobs over time.

Apprenticeship

Usually combines specific on the job instruction with classroom training.

Mentoring

Involves a senior manager or other experienced employee providing job and career related information to a mentee.

Programmed Instruction

An online, self paced, and highly structured training method that presents trainees with concepts and problems using a modular format.

Simulation

A scaled down version of a manufacturing process or even a mock cockpit of a jet airplane.

Performance Appraisal

Is a comparison of actual performance with expected performance to determine an employee’s contributions to the organization and to make decisions about training, compensation, promotion, and other job changes.

Incentive Pay

An hourly rate of pay or a monthly salary is considered base pay, or an amount of pay received by the employee regardless of output level. In many jobs, such as sales and manufacturing, an employee can earn additional pay as a result of a commission or an incentive pay arrangement.

Unemployment Compensation

Provides former employees with money for a certain period while they are unemployed. To be eligible, the employee must have worked a minimum number of weeks, be without a job, and be willing to accept a suitable position offered by the state Unemployment Compensation Commission.

Worker’s Compensation

Pays employees for lost work time caused by work-related injuries and may also cover rehabilitation after a serious injury.

Labor Union

Such as the International Brotherhood of Teamsters, is an organization that represents workers in dealing with management over disputes involving wages, hours, and working conditions.

Collective Bargaining

Which is the process of negotiating a labor agreement that provides for compensation and working arrangements mutually acceptable to the union and to management.

Local Union

Is a branch or unit of a national union that represents workers at a specific plant or over a specific geographic area.

Shop Steward

Is an elected union official who represents union members to management when workers have complaints. For most union members, his or her primary contact with the union is through union officials at the local level.

Federation

Is a collection of unions banded together to further organizing, public relations, political, and other mutually-agreed-upon purposes of the member unions.

Agency Shop

Does not require employees to join the union, but to remain employees, workers must pay the union a fee (known as the agency fee) to cover the union’s expenses in representing them.

The union must fairly represent all workers, including those in the bargaining unit who do not become members.

Right to work Law

Under the Taft-Hartley Act of 1947, a state can make any and all forms of union security illegal by enacting a right-to-work law.

In the 28 states that have these laws, employees can work at a unionized company without having to join the union. This arrangement is commonly known as an open shop. Workers don’t have to join the union or pay dues or fees to the union.

Management Rights Clause

A typical clause gives the employer all rights to manage the business except as specified in the contract. For instance, if the contract does not specify the criteria for promotions, with a management rights clause, managers will have the right to use any criteria they wish.

Arbitration

Is the process of settling a labor-management dispute by having a third party—a single arbitrator or a panel—make a decision. The decision is final and binding on the union and employer.

Selective Strike Strategy

A strategy of conducting a strike at a critical plant that supplies parts to other plants, against General Motors.

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)

Sets workplace safety and health standards, provides safety training, and inspects places of work (assembly plants, construction sites, and warehouse facilities, for example) to determine employer compliance with safety regulations.

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC)

Was created by the 1964 Civil Rights Act. It is one of the most influential agencies responsible for enforcing employment laws. The EEOC has three basic functions: processing discrimination complaints, issuing written regulations, and gathering and disseminating information. An employment discrimination complaint can be filed by an individual or a group of employees who work for a company.

Protected Class

Such as women, African Americans, or Hispanic Americans. The protected group may pursue a class-action complaint that may eventually become a lawsuit.

Affirmative Action Programs

As a measure to prevent employment discrimination, many employers set up affirmative action programs to expand job opportunities for women and minorities.

Conciliation

Assists management and the union with focusing on the issues in dispute and acts as a go-between, or communication channel through which the union and employer send messages to and share information with each other.

Mediation

By suggesting compromises to the disputing organizations.

Competitive Advantage

Which is a set of unique features of a company and its product or service that are perceived by the target market as superior to those of the competition. Competitive advantage is the factor that causes customers to patronize a firm and not the competition.