SDSU Biol 336 Exam 2

The right side of the heart contains ______ blood and sends this blood to the _______ and is called the ______ circuit

deoxygenated, lungs, pulmonary

the atria are the _____ and _____ chambers of the heart whereas the ventricles are the _____ and ______ chambers of the heart

receiving, top, pumping, bottom

The ______ make sure there is unidirectional flow within the heart and the ______ separates 2 chambers

valves, septum

Arteries transport blood _______ heart and veins transport blood _______ heart

away from the, to the

What stage of the cardiac cycle includes atria in diastole, the ventricles in systole, and the semilunar valves open

forceful ejection

After passive filling, the ventricles will be filled _______ with a blood volume of ______ and after active filling, the ventricles will be filled _______ and have an EDV of ________

80%, 120 mL, 100%, 140 mL

Oxygen saturation at rest going out to the body is _____ and when blood is returning back to the heart (venous return), oxygen saturation is _______

98%, 75%

The semilunar valves are open during ______ and the atrioventricular valves are open during ______ and ______

forceful ejection, passive filling, active filling

the benefit of using a mechanical valve replacement is that _____ while the benefit of a biological valve replacement is that __________

it lasts forever, it does not risk thrombo-emboli formation

A left to right shunt will lead to ______

Hypoxia

A left to right shunt will have a Qp*Qs ratio ________ 1 and a right to left shunt will have a Qp*Qs ratio ________ 1

greater than, less than

Vasodilation _____________ the radius and _____________ the resistance of a vessel whereas Vasoconstriction _____________ the radius and _____________ the resistance of a vessel.

Increases, decreases, decreases, increases

tricuspid regurgitation can lead to ______ whereas atrial thrombosis can lead to _______

pitting edema, ischemic stroke

_______ occurs when aorta comes out of the right ventricle and the pulmonary vein comes out of the left ventricle and leads to less oxygen being brought out of the body

transposition of the great arteries

bradycardia can be treated by _______ drugs which cause a _____ chronotropic response

-amine, positive

the first heart sound “Lubb” occurs when _______ after the cardiac cycle stage ______. Whereas the second heart sound “Dubb” occurs when _____ after the cardiac cycle stage _______

AV valves close, active filling, SV valves close, forceful ejection

Aortic _______ leads to late systolic murmur whereas aortic ______ leads to early diastolic murmurs

stenosis, regurgitation

Given the following information (EDV = 180 mL, ESV = 70 mL, HR = 65) what is the person’s ejection fraction?

61%

the aorta has the ________ blood pressure and the vena cava during venous return has the _____ blood pressure out of the different vessels

greatest, least

3 ways to reduce high blood pressure is by reducing heart rate by taking _______, reducing stroke volume by taking _______, and reducing resistance by taking _______

negative chronotropic drugs, diuretic drugs, vasodilators

which of the following will increase gas diffusion of O2 in our lungs?

• decreased distance between alveoli and blood

• increased PO2 difference between alveoli and blood

• loss of alveoli-blood CSA

• none of the above

decreased distance between alveoli and blood

Kwashiorkor is typically associated with _____ whereas elephantiasis is associated with __________

decrease in plasma protein concentration, lymphedema

what two systems are in place to bring fluid back into the vessels at the venule end?

osmosis and lymphatic capillaries

_______ is a possible cause of edema

high blood pressure, decreased plasma protein concentration, increased capillary permeability

______ collapse due to cigarette smoking because of _______

alveoli, elastase

sherpa and people living near Lake Titicaca have ______ cross sectional area which means they have _______ gas diffusion

increased, more

in which vessels are RBCs a biconcave shape?

B and C

What is the reticulocyte count in hypoproliferative anemia and hemolytic anemia respectively?

0.5, 1

Which of the following is NOT an example of hypoxic hypoxia?

• COPD

• Opioid overdose

• low hematocrit

• pneumothorax

• pulmonary edema

low heamtocrit

Which of the following are broken with cystic fibrosis?

• Cl- out in mucus

• Na+ out to mucus

• Osmosis

• Mucus layer

• All of the above

All of the above

Which of the following is an example of metabolic hypoxia?

• cyanide poisoning

• carbon monoxide poisoning

• heart failure

• opioid overdose

cyanide poisoning

Vessels in order from lowest to highest blood pressure

Systemic vein, venous end of capillary, arterial end of capillary, systemic artery

The left lung has _______ lobes because of the _______

2, cardiac notch

during expiration, which of the following has the lower pressure?

• alveolar pressure

• barometric pressure

• both would be the same

• none

barometric pressure

which of the following patients would you expect have the least severe case of COPD?

A. The one who needs 10 liter per min of oxygen

B. The one who needs 1 liter per min of oxygen

C. The one who needs 5 liters per min of oxygen

D. The one who does not need oxygen

the one who does not need oxygen

why are animals more likely to get a bilateral pneumothorax than humans?

animals have a fenestrated mediastinum, humans have a mediastinum

if a person stopped breathing due to an overdose of opiate medication, the pO2, in their aorta goes _______

down

a spinal cord lesion at C3 will affect the _______ and cause difficulty breathing

diaphragm

bilirubin is derived from which component of hemoglobin?

heme