ANTH 1210: Exam #2 Study Guide Professor MacKinnon – Spring 2025 Study Tips: ✔ Review Chapters 5-8 in your Anthropology textbook ✔ Go over “Reviewing

Ethnoprimatology

The study of human-primate interactions and how primates adapt to human environments.

Anthropoid

A subgroup of primates that includes monkeys, apes, and humans, but excludes prosimians.

Prosimians

The most primitive primates, including lemurs, lorises, and tarsiers.

Monkeys

A diverse group of primates typically divided into New World monkeys (South America) and Old World monkeys (Africa and Asia).

Apes

A group of primates that includes gorillas, chimpanzees, orangutans, and humans, characterized by higher intelligence and a lack of tails.

Social behavior

How primates interact in groups, including dominance hierarchies, cooperation, and kinship bonds.

Australopithecines

A genus of early hominins that lived in Africa; includes both gracile and robust species.

Bipedalism

The ability to walk on two legs, a key trait distinguishing hominins from other primates.

Homininae

The subfamily that includes humans and their closest extinct relatives, such as Neanderthals.

Biocultural evolution

The interaction between biological and cultural factors in human evolution.

Paleolithic

The 'Old Stone Age,' a prehistoric period characterized by early stone tool use and hunter-gatherer societies.

Clinical variation

The gradual change in a trait or feature across a geographic area, rather than distinct racial categories.

Eugenics

A discredited movement aimed at 'improving' human populations through controlled breeding.

Race

A socially constructed classification system that groups people based on physical traits; not biologically meaningful.

Racism

A system of discrimination based on perceived racial differences, often used to justify inequality.

Disease

A biological or physiological condition that affects the body, often caused by pathogens or genetic factors.

Illness

A person's subjective experience of feeling unwell, influenced by cultural and social factors.

Medicalization

The process by which human conditions or behaviors (e.g., aging, childbirth, mental health) are defined and treated as medical issues.

Medical anthropology

The study of how culture, biology, and social factors influence health, illness, and medical systems.