My CAMRT Practice Questions

What is an Adrenergic drug?

Drug that stimulates the nervous system, and causes the relaxation of smooth muscles of the bronchi.

What is a common example of an adrenergic drug?

Epinephrine

What is an example of a local anesthetic?

Lidocaine (Xylocaine)

What are some common side effects of anticoagulants?

- Bruising

- Spontaneous bleeding

What is an anticholinergic drug?

A drug that depresses the parasympathetic nervous system and act as antispasmodics of smooth muscle. They decrease contractions, saliva, bronchial mucus etc.

What are some common examples of anticholinergic drugs?

- Buscopan

- Glucagon

- Atropine

What is a cathartic drug?

Drug that stimulates peristalsis and promotes deification. (Treats constipation)

What type of drug is Lasix, and what does it do?

It is a diuretic that stimulates the flow of urine.

What type of drug are NSAID's?

Anti-inflammatory that is used to treat pain associated with mild pain.

What are a few common examples of NSAID's?

- Aspirin

- Advil

- Celebrex

- Aleve

What is the annual dose limit for the whole body of radiation workers?

20 mSv

What is the annual dose limit for the lens of the eye for radiation workers?

150 mSv

What is the annual dose limit for skin, hands, and all other organs for radiation workers?

500 mSv

What is the dose that can result in permanent sterility in men?

5 Gy

What is the CT number for Air?

-1000

What is the CT number for brain?

+20 - +40

If a pediatric patient comes into the emergency department with a cough that is described as a "barking cough", what hallmark sign would you expect to see on their resultant soft tissue neck?

An hourglass or steeple sign

What respiratory pathology is associated with the "bat wing or butterfly sign"?

Pulmonary Edema

In a tension pneumothorax, what way will the mediastinal structures deviate, and what way will the trachea deviate?

The mediastinal structures will deviate away from the side of the pneumothorax and the trachea will deviate away as well.

What contrast phase is used for a routine chest CT?

Late arterial / bolus

What is the average window width/window level for the brain?

190/50

What is the average window width/ window level for mediastinal structures?

325/50

In CT, what does your window width control?

Number of shades of grey (CONTRAST)

In CT, what does the window level control?

The center of the grey scale (BRIGHTNESS / DARKNESS)

What is the average timing for a delayed (equilibrium) scan?

300s

What is the average timing for a Portal Venous (Equilibrium) scan?

65-85s

What is the average timing for a Early Arterial (bolus) scan?

15-25s

What is the average timing for a Late Arterial scan?

35-45s

Which pathology would you see an air bronchogram on a plain film CXR?

Alveolar pneumonia

Which respiratory pathology would represent with the "tree-in-bud" appearance on a CT scan of the chest?

Bronchopnemonia

What are some of the signs and symptoms of Epiglottitis?

- Stridor

- Cyanosis

- Fever

- Drooling

- Difficulty swallowing and breathing

What are some of the hallmark symptoms of a patient with cystic fibrosis?

- Sinusitis with polyps

- Weightloss and large foul stool

- Mucous in intestines

- Excessive sweating

What is one of the ways that they can test for cystic fibrosis?

The sweat test

How would you position a patient for a decubitus chest when the doctor is querying a pleural effusion in the right lung?

Right lateral decubitus (affected side down)

What is one of the hallmark signs of achlasia of the GI system?

"Rat tail" or "Beak" sign

What is the radiographic appearance of esophageal varices?

- Worm tracings

- rosary beads

How will the radial tuberosity appear on a lateral elbow projection if the hand is externally rotated?

The tuberosity will appear anterior

How will the radial tuberosity appear on a lateral elbow projection if the hand is internally rotated?

The tuberosity will appear posterior

If during a lateral elbow projection, the patients proximal humerus is elevated, what will the resultant x-ray show?

- The radial head will be posterior on the coranoid

- The distal capitulum surface is too distal to the distal surface of the medial trochlea

If during a lateral elbow projection, the patients proximal humerus is depresses, what will the resultant x-ray show?

- The radial head will be anterior to the coranoid

- The distal capitulum surface is demonstrated too far proximal to the medial trochlear surface

If during a lateral elbow projection, the patients distal forearm is elevated, what will the resultant x-ray show?

- The radial head will be proximal to the coronoid

- The capitulum is too far posterior to the medial trochlea

If during a lateral elbow projection, the patients distal forearm is depressed, what will the resultant x-ray show?

- The radial head is distal to the coronoid

- The capitulum is too anterior to the medial trochlea

What angle should be used for an axiolateral oblique of the elbow?

45 degrees up the arm

How would you describe the organs of a patient that is considered Asthenic?

- Low stomach

- Long Lungs

- Low hanging transverse colon

How would you describe the organs of a patient that is considered Hyperstenic?

- High stomach

- Short lungs

What is the most common way for the carpal bones to dislocate?

Dorsally

After how many days must a repeat x-ray be done if the patient is suspected of having a scaphoid fracture?

7-10 days

What is a Smiths fracture?

A fracture of the distal radius with anterior displacement (Remember Mrs. Smith driving her car)

What is a Bennett's fracture?

Fracture at the base of the 1st metacarpal with dorsal subluxation. Usually caused by a direct impact or hyper extension of the thumb.

What is a Colles fracture?

Fracture of the distal radius with POSTERIOR displacement. Usually caused by a FOOSH on a dorsiflexed hand. (When you put your hand out to brace yourself)

Where are you optimally centering for a PA hand?

3rd MCP joint

Where are you optimally centering for a lateral hand?

2nd MCP joint

What is often one of the only indications of an elbow joint fracture?

A visible posterior fat pad (also known as "sail sign")

What is a Monteggia fracture?

Fracture at the ulnar shaft with anterior dislocation of radial head. Caused by a fall onto the olecranon.

When would Atresia likely be spotted on a prenatal ultrasound?

24 weeks

If a patient over the age of 40 presents with dysphagia, what is one potential pathology that must be investigated?

Esophageal carcinoma

One the stomach has healed from a gastric ulcer, what shape would it likely take?

Hourglass shape

After what age is there a higher incidence of esophageal carcinoma in men?

60 years old

In over 1/3rd of stomach carcinoma cases what could potentially be expected to be seen?

A large polypoid mass

If a patient is suspected of pyloric stenosis, what could potentially be seen on the resultant Ultrasound?

Doughnut and/or target sign

Around how many beats per minute is considered tachycardia clinically?

100-180 bpm

If an IV flows too quickly into the blood stream, what condition may arise?

Pulmonary Edema

What should the immediate course of action be if you are administering contrast through an IV and extravasation occurs?

Stop the infusion

If the patient is attached to a running IV, what is the first step you would take in changing them out of their gown?

Remove the sleeve without the IV first

What is one potential side affect of giving your patient oral barium, and how can you counteract this?

Constipation can occur. To help alleviate any symptoms, ensure that your patient drinks plenty of water after their examination.

Where in the body is a T-tube located/inserted?

The common bile duct

What disease contraindicates the use of Glucagon?

Diabetes

What is the correct angle to use on a AP bladder shot x-ray?

15 degrees caudad and centered 1" below the level of the ASIS

If on an AP shoulder if you leave the hand in a neutral position, what would the resultant x-ray show?

The greater tubercle will be partially in profile laterally and the humeral head partially in profile medially.

If on an AP shoulder you leave the hand in external rotation, what would the resultant x-ray show?

The greater tubercle will be fully in profile laterally and the humeral head will be fully in profile medially.

If on an AP shoulder you leave the hand in internal rotation, what would the resultant x-ray show?

The lesser tubercle medially and the greater tubercle will also start to move medially.

How are neonates lungs compare to the lungs of adults?

Neonates lungs are wider than they are long

On a PA Chest X-ray, to assess flexion/extension where should the manubrium sit with optimal positioning?

At T4

On a PA chest X-ray, how can you tell that a proper breath has been achieved?

10-11 ribs will be seen above the diaphragm

On a neonate chest x-ray, how can you tell that a proper breath has been achieved?

Minimum 8 ribs above the diaphragm

If you are taking an AP Chest x-ray, how can you tell that a proper breath has been taken on the resultant image?

9-10 ribs above the diaphragm

What is the centering point for an upright abdomen x-ray?

L3 (LCM)

What is the centering point for a supine abdomen x-ray?

L4 (Top of crest)

How would you determine if proper expiration has been achieved on an abdomen x-ray?

9 or less posterior ribs will be above the diaphragm with proper full expiration

If Mr. Jones comes into the emergency department querying fluid in the left side of his abdomen, what abdomen view would you do to best show his potential pathology?

Left lateral decubitus

How would you adapt your centering for an AP supine abdomen on a hyperstenic patient?

Center halfway between the pubic symphysis and ASIS

What part of the body is the focus of imaging if the clinical history states "history of gout"?

The 1st MTP Joint

If your patient is in a RPO position for a lumbar oblique projection, what Z-joints are we focusing on?

Right Z-joints

If your patient is in an LAO position for a lumbar oblique projection, what Z-joints are we focusing on?

Right Z-joints

When taking a lumbar spine oblique x-ray your patient is in the LPO position, what Z-joints are we looking at?

Left Z-joints

If you are taking a lumbar spine oblique x-ray and your patient is in the RAO position, what Z-joints are we looking at?

Left Z-joints

If when doing an AP C-spine oblique your patient is in the RPO position, what foramina and pedicles are being visualized?

The left foramina and pedicles

If when doing a PA C-spine oblique your patient is in the LAO position, what foramina and pedicles will be visualized on the resultant image?

The left foramina and pedicles

At what vertebral level does the IVC go through the diaphragm?

T8

At what vertebral level does the esophagus goes through the diaphragm?

T10

At what vertebral level does the abdominal aorta go through the diaphragm?

T12

At what vertebral level does the abdominal aorta bifurcate into left and right common illiac's?

L4

What is the grid factor for a 12:1 grid?

5

What is the grid factor for a 5:1 grid?

2

If a body part is over what thickness would you then use a grid and gridded technique?

10cm over

If an average knee is 10cm at 65kVp, and you are now x-raying a knee that is 14cm, keeping your mAs the same what would be your new kVp?

73 kVp (using the part thinkness rule, for every cm increase then you add 2 kVp to your overall)

What type of hip dislocations are most common clinically?

Posterior hip dislocations

Which type of hip fracture occurs just below the femoral head, and can result in necrosis?

Sub-capital fracture

What type of fracture occurs through the femoral neck?

Transcervical fracture (also known as femoral neck fracture)

What type of fracture occurs at the base of the femoral neck just proximal to the trochanters?

Basilar Fracture