HTHS 1110 Unit 10 Weber State

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Skeletal muscles exert force on tendons which in turn pull on bones or other structures resulting in________.

a reduction of tension.

heat reduction.

movement.

peristalsis.

the prevention of outflow of contents of hollow organs.

movement.

Which is considered a regulatory muscle protein?

elastin

myosin

titin

tropomyosin

tropomyosin

Which term the ability of the plasma membrane of a muscle to cell to change electrical states?

depolarization

excitability

latency

thermogenesis

excitability

Which description best fits the structure of cardiac muscle cells?

multiple eccentric nuclei, striated muscle

no striations and one central nucleus

no striations and multiple nuclei

striated with one central nucleus

striated with onc ecccntric nucleus

striated with one central nucleus

Skeletal muscle is _____ while cardiac and smooth muscle are not.

autonomic

involuntary

striated

voluntary

voluntary

A typical striated muscle fiber contains _____ sarcomere(s).

one

two
zero

thousands of

thousands of

Which structure is considered the basic unit of muscle contraction?

lower motor neuron

myofibril

sarcolemma

sarcomere

sarcomere

Transverse tubules (T tubules) are bordered on each side by ____________

blood vessels.

nerves.

sarcolemma,

sarcomeres.

sarcoplasmic reticulum.

sarcoplasmic reticulum.

Which of the following is described as a strong, thick sheet of connective tissue that covers an entire muscle?

endomysium

epimysium

fascilcles

perimysium

epimysium

Which structure is described as connective tissue forming broad, flat sheets allowing muscles to attach across wide bones or other muscles?
aponeurosis

ligament

tendon

& disc

aponeurosis

Which of the following is described as a thin sheet of connecting tissue surrounding each muscle cell, lying just over the sarcolemma?

endomysium

cpimystum

fascicles

perjmvslum

endomysium

A muscle fiber (cell) contains numerous ________ within the sarcoplasm.

cpimysial filaments

fascicles

ligaments

myofibrils

tendons

myofibrils

Z discs:

are comprised of actin

combine with a T tubule to form a triad

providc an attachment point for thick filaments

separate one sarcomere from another

separate one sarcomere from another

According to the length-tension relationship, as the zone Of overlap between thin and thick filaments increases beyond optimum:

length increases

length remains constant

tension decreases

tension increases

tension decreases

Actin and myosin filaments in the skeletal muscle myofibril are:

at right angles to each other

bound permanently by the protein titin

parallel

randomly arranged

parallel

Which Of the following breaks down acetylcholine present in the synaptic cleft?

acetylcholinesterase

choline acetyltransferase

choline oxidase

nicotinic acetylcholine receptors

acetylcholinesterase

What transport mechanism is involved with the release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction ?

endocytosis

exocytosis

facilitated diffusion

passive transport

exocytosis

In the power-stroke phase of the sliding-filament model, when a muscle contracts:

cross bridges becorne permanent

myosin heads attach to thin filaments

myosin heads attach to thick filaments

thc sarcomeres lengthen

thc Z discs are pushed further apart

myosin heads attach to thin filaments

When muscle contraction occurs:

M lines move laterally

sarcomeres shorten

thick filaments shorten

thin filaments shorten

sarcomeres shorten

What molecule must be present for myosin to detach from actin?

adenosine triphosphate

calcium

phoshp.atc

Zinc

adenosine triphosphate

During the cross-bridge cycle, which Of the following events energizes ("cocks") the myosin heads?

ATP hydrolysis

force generated in thc power stroke

myosin attachment

myosin dctachmcnt

ATP hydrolysis

_____ are required for the muscle action to deep into a muscle fiber.

ATP

Desmosomes

Fascicles

Sarcoplasmic reticula

T tubules

T tubules

Which type of muscle would you expect to have the most mitochondria, based on the name? (Hint: think of what chemical reactions occur in mitochondria vs

cytoplasm from your study of unit 5.)

fast glycolytic

fast oxidative-glycolytic

slow oxidative

slow oxidative

Compared to skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle has:

a greater amount of anaerobic metabolism

fewer mitochondria

less blo«xi supply

less creatine phosphatc

more myoglobin

more myoglobin

Muscle fatigue may result from:

decreased ATP

decreased lactic acid

adequate oxygen

increased glycogen stores

decreased ATP

Which Of the following mechanisms provides ATP for muscle contraction?

aerobic oxidation of glucose

anaerobic fermentation of vitamins

ATP from calcium stores

stored mincrals

aerobic oxidation of glucose

The attachment of a muscle to a stationary bone is called its:

agonist

antagonist

insertion

origin

origin

The rotator cuff muscles often stabilize the shoulder joint to allow another agonist muscle to complete its action. In this case, the rotator cuff acts as a(n):

antagonist
fixator

insertion

synergist

fixator

The insertion of the triceps brachii is the:

clavicle and scapula

fibula and tibia

bone

ulna

ulna

The insertion of the ______ is the olecranon process ("funny bone") of the ulna.

gastrcrnemius

gluteus maximus

masseter

sterncrleidomastoid

triceps brachii

triceps brachii

Which of the following muscles has the primary action Of plantarflexion?

biceps femoris

gastrocnemius

rectus femoris

tibialis antcri(Y

gastrocnemius

Which of the following muscles has the primary action of knee extension?

biceps femoris

rectus femoris

psoas major

sartorius

rectus femoris

The quadriceps group consists Of the rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, and vastus medialis. This group's origin is the:

back of thc orbit

iliac spine and femur

occipital bone and cervical spine

scapula

iliac spine and femur

The origin of the _____ is the occipital bone and cervical spine.

diaphragm

massctcr

rectus abdominis

sterncxleidomastoid

trapezius

trapezius

The insertion of the _______ is the mastoid pruess of the temporal bone.

gastrxnemius

gluteus maximus

masseter
sternocleidomastoid

triceps brachii

sternocleidomastoid