Civics! Eoc notes

What is the social contract according to John Locke?

A contract between the people and the government that derives legitimacy from the consent of the governed.

What are the natural rights according to John Locke?

Life, liberty, and property.

What was Montesquieu's influence on the founding fathers?

He proposed the separation of powers among legislative, executive, and judicial branches.

What are the three concepts from the Magna Carta that influenced the founding fathers?

Limited government, rule of law, and due process.

What rights are found in both the English and US Bill of Rights?

The right to petition the government and the right to a fair trial.

What are the two concepts from the Mayflower Compact that influenced the founding fathers?

Self-government and a government that serves the common good.

What grievances did the colonists have against the British?

Banned westward movement, taxation without representation, and illegal search warrants.

What were the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation?

No power to tax, only one branch of government, and difficulty to amend.

What are the goals of the preamble of the Constitution?

To form a more perfect union, establish justice, ensure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty.

What is the purpose of checks and balances?

To prevent any one branch of government from becoming too powerful.

What are the 10 amendments in the Bill of Rights?

1st - Freedom of R.A.P.P.S, 2nd - Right to bear arms, 3rd - No quartering of troops, 4th - No illegal searches, 5th - Rights of the accused, 6th - More rights of the accused, 7th - Right to jury trial in civil cases, 8th - No cruel and unusual punishments, 9th - Unenumerated rights, 10th - Powers reserved to the states.

What does the 14th amendment define?

Citizenship.

What are the five qualifications for becoming a naturalized citizen?

Know American history, know basic English, be a legal resident for at least 5 years, know the laws, and know how the government works.

What are the four obligations of US citizens?

Obey the laws, pay taxes, serve in the armed forces if selected, and serve on a jury.

What are the four responsibilities of citizenship?

Register and vote, hold elective office, stay informed about current issues, and participate in political campaigns.

What were the major Supreme Court cases?

Marbury v. Madison established judicial review, Plessy v. Ferguson upheld segregation, Brown v. Board of Education ended segregation, Gideon v. Wainwright ensured the right to a lawyer, and Miranda v. Arizona established Miranda rights.

What is the definition of propaganda?

Information that is often biased and misleading spread to influence public opinion.

What is the role of NGOs?

Organizations that individuals and corporations can join, but which governments cannot.