Honors World History TCA 2

Printing press

Printing press

Allowed for quick creation and distribution of texts, which helped with an increase in the spread of knowledge.

Origins of moveable type

Printing press originated in Asia (CHINA). It moved to Europe and was in the holy roman empire. Character languages were more expensive than letter languages. Muslim Empires didn’t want to use it because their bible was written in arabic, which was a sacred language for them.

Mercantilism

Idea to try to gain as much wealth as possible.

Favorable balance of trade (related to mercantilism)

More exports than imports to make profits.

Atlantic Slave Trade

It came into existence because Native Americans were not good slaves (disease,  they knew the place). Africans were experienced with farming and served as a near free way to farm raw products.

Treatment of enslaved peoples

Slaves were treated horribly and were whipped and treated less than people.

Motivations for enslavement

People were motivated to enslave others due to the free labor that slaves provided, allowing them to maximize profits.

Impact of the slave trade

 Africans lost generations of their most fit men. Africans got guns in return for the slaves they traded. Europeans got a source of free labor. Racial wealth gap.

Middle Passage

Where they traded slaves. From West Africa to North America.

Triangular Trade

18th and 19th centuries that involved shipping goods from Britain to West Africa to be exchanged for slaves, these slaves being shipped to the West Indies and exchanged for sugar, rum, and other commodities which were in turn shipped back to Britain.

Columbian Exchange

Transfer of plants, diseases, and ideas between the new and old world. The old world benefitted more than the new world.

Treatment of indigenous (native) peoples

The natives were treated horribly, as they were enslaved. They were eventually swapped out for the more experienced Africans.

Enlightenment (Hobbes, Locke, Montesquieu, Rousseau)

Many new ideas. They thought they could improve the world that they were living in. Lock - Life liberty, freedom. Hobbes - absolutism not given by god. Montesquieu - Separation of powers. Rousseau - social contract.

Separation of Powers

Montesquieu. Preventing one person from having all the power. Judicial, executive, legislative.

French Revolution

It was brought into existance due to the caste system that existed in France. The third estate felt stepped on and powerless. louis xvi failed to change voting system, so third estate fought back. Lead to Louis XVI getting kicked out of power.

Reign of Terror

When the third estate became very violent and fought back but went too far. “Terror”. French revolution spirals out of control. They were executing everyone.

Estate System (pre-Revolutionary France)

The first and second estates relied on all the hard work of the third estate who ran everything behind the scenes, but were treated horribly.

Declaration of Rights of Man and the Citizen

French revolution version of the declaration of independence. They left the estates system, and made this document.

Haitian Revolution

 Caused by racism against colored individuals. Lead by Toussaint Louverture to get black rights back.

Absolutism

The idea that monarchs wanted to become the absolute ruler of everything.