Nursing Research QUIZ 1 -William Paterson Univ.

What categories has nursing research derived its knowledge?

Tradition

Trial and Error

Theory Based

Personal experience

Borrowing from other disciplines

What are the types of research?

Applied - to solve probs

Basic - to gain new knowledge

Clinical - to see how experiences , efficiency and effectiveness may be implemented.

The 3 goals of nursing research are:

Accountability of Nursing

Credibility of the practice

Cost effectiveness of the practice

Evidence based practice.

Name two roles a nurse may play when doing research?

principal investigator

subject

evaluator of research findings

What is the Nuremberg Code?

set of ethical standards for human experimentation, is produced as the result of a trail against several Nazi doctors who conducted experiments on prisoners during WWII

what is the declaration of Helsinki?

a set of ethical principles regarding human experimentation developed for the medical community by the World Medical Association (WMA)

What is the ANA?

American Nurses Association which outlines ethical guidelines

what is scope of application?

human subjects get enjoy full protection of their rights

What is informed consent?

Inform the patient of the possible risk and outcome of a procedure

What does participation on IRB mean? And what does IRB stand for?

It means institutional review board. It is an independent ethics to ensure rights of participants aren't being compromised.

What are some elements of informed consent?

Length of study/ involvement

Risks

Benefits

alternatives

confidentiality

unforeseeable injuries

participation is voluntary

What are vulnerable groups sometimes unable or only able to give limited consent? (5-6)

1. pregnant women

2. minors

3. prisoners

4. mentally disabled.

5. physically disabled

6. terminally ill

How is the content organized for a journal article?

Introduction

Method

Research

Discussions

Reference

What is an abstract ?

It is a brief description of the major features of the research study.

What is included in the introduction?

central phenomena, variables, hypothesis, research q, review of lit and study significance

Method section entails?

Type of research, how it was carried out, methodology etc.

what is level of statistical significance? what is a good p?

It is to see how reproducible a finding may be. p<0.5 or recreate-able 95% of the time.

What are independent variables (IV) and what are dependent variables (DV) ?

IV undergoes manipulation to see its effect on DV.

Manipulation may also best be described as?

Intervention or treatment

How does a control group differ from an experimental group?

control group is unaffected or does not receive treatment, in a quantitative study however, the experimental group is given intervention / treatment

What is a target population?

The target population is a group of individuals who meet a particular set of sampling criteria and to whom a study can be generalized.

what is an accessible population?

A popular actually made available for the study

what are the following as it pertains to research study ?

A.QUESTION

B. Purpose

C. Problem

A. A question the researcher wants answered

B. What the study will do

C. issue that needs resolution

Part 1/2. Based on the following determine whether it alludes to qualitative or Quantitative reserach:

A. Used to Discover

B. Subjective

C. Researcher immerses him/herself

D. Uses empirical method

A. QUAL

B. QUAL

C. QUAL

D. QUANT

Part 2/2. Based on the following determine whether these factors allude to qualitative or quantitative study:

A. Many conclusions

B. Large Sample size

C. No cause / effect

D. Deliberately selected sample

A. QUAL

B. QUAN

C. QUAL

D. QUAL

What is a hypothesis?

It is a statement that seeks to explain a relationship b/w two or more variables

What is a confounding variable?

a factor other than the independent variable that might produce an effect in an experiment

What is the purpose of a hypothesis?

Used to test a theory

Relating to a hypothesis, please explain whether the following are true or false:

A. Can be past tense

B. Should be declarative

C. Should be the first person

D. Contain population and variables

E. Does not have to be empirical

A. FALSE

B. TRUE

C. FALSE

D. TRUE

E. FALSE

Explain the following types of hypothesis:

A. non-directional hypothesis

B. Simple hypothesis

C. Complex hypothesis

D. Directional hypothesis

E. Null hypothesis

A. a relationship exists

B. Contains two variables

C. More than two variables

D. Tells the relationship between the variables eg. positive, negative

E. There is no relationship

what is a problem statement?

A statement which identifies the problem in a study

What is a theory?

A group of statements that seek to explain a phenomena in a systematic way

Explain what the following means:

A. Univariate

B. Bivariate

C. Multivariate

A. One variable

B. Two variables

C. More than two variables

How does declarative and interrogative research questions differ?

Declarative is a formal statement

Interrogative is usually formed as a question

What are the components for a quantitative study?

Population

Intervention

Comparison

Outcome

Time

Qualitative studies (do/do not) contain IV and DV?

Do not

Researchers in qualitative studies (do/ do not) review literature beforehand?

do not

phenomenological qualitative studies are rooted in? And use this technique?

"The lived experience"

Rooted in Philosophy

Bracketting

Ethnographic Qualitative studies are rooted in? And use this technique?

In Anthropology and uses Key informants (people who are knowledgeable of the topic)

The grounded qualitative method is rooted in? and uses what technique?

Sociology and constant comparions (interviews first, literature to compare after)

What is data triangulation?

The use of several sources to validate conclusions

What are each?

A. Time Triangulation

B. Space Triangulation

C. Person Triangulation

D. Investigator triangulation

same phenomenon, multiple time

same phenomenon, multiple places

same phenomenon, multiple people

same phenomenon, multiple researchers

What is a random sample?

A group of subjects are chosen by chance

If r = randomization

x = expiramentation /intervention

o1 = observation of subject, show how an expiramental / control group would appear using the above letters

Control= r01

Experimental Group = rx01

What are extraneous variables?

Variables other than the independent variable which may cause unwanted interference with the results in the DV