EXAM_1_DIGITAL

programmable logic devices (PLDs), arithmetic logic units (ALUs),

Programmable Logic Device (PLD)

A general-purpose chip for implementing logic circuitry that can be customized in various ways.

Programmable Logic Array (PLA)

A type of PLD that uses a sum-of-products format, consisting of an AND plane feeding into an OR plane.

Programmable Array Logic (PAL)

A type of PLD that has programmable AND gates and fixed OR gates, allowing simpler and less expensive implementation.

Complex Programmable Logic Device (CPLD)

A device comprising multiple circuit blocks interconnected, with internal wiring resources allowing for greater complexity in logic circuits.

Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA)

A type of PLD designed to support relatively large logic circuits, consisting of logic blocks, I/O blocks, and interconnection wires.

Lookup Table (LUT)

The most commonly used logic block in an FPGA, capable of implementing any logic function of a defined number of inputs.

Fixed-point number

A number representation where the radix point is in a fixed position within the number.

Floating-point number

A number representation that consists of a mantissa and an exponent, allowing for a wide range and representation of fractional values.

Half-Adder

A circuit that performs the addition of two bits, producing a sum and a carry output.

Full-Adder

An extension of the half-adder that adds three inputs: two bits and a carry bit from a previous addition.

Ripple-Carry Adder (RCA)

An adder circuit where the carry output from one full-adder is the carry input for the next full-adder in sequence.

Carry-Lookahead Adder (CLA)

An adder that reduces carry propagation delays by quickly calculating carry outputs based on generate and propagate signals.

Hierarchical Carry-Lookahead Adder

A design for large adders that uses a hierarchy of carry-lookahead circuits to speed up carry signal generation.

Mantissa

The significant digits of a floating-point number.

Exponent

The power of the base in a floating-point number representation, which indicates the scaling factor of the mantissa.

Complement

The binary representation that results in flipping each bit of a number (1's complement) or adding one to the 1's complement (2's complement).

Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)

The component of a computer that performs arithmetic and logical operations.