APUSH Unit 5 Terms

Zimmerman Telegram (1917)

March 1917. Sent from German Foreign Secretary, addressed to German minister in Mexico City. Mexico should attack the US if US goes to war with Germany (needed that advantage due to Mexico's promixity to the US). In return, Germany would give back Tex, NM, Arizona etc to Mexico.

Food Administration (1917)

A war agency headed by Herbert Hoover, supervised the feeding of America, its armies, and its Allies

Espionage and Sedition Acts (1917-1918)

imposed harsh penalties on anyone interfering with or speaking against U.S. participation in WWI

Schenck v. United States (1919)

Speech creating a "clear and present danger" is not protected by the First Amendment

Palmer Raids (1919-1920)

fears of socialism fueled by Communist takeover of Russia. Attorney General Palmer ordered arrests of arrests of anarchists and Socialists.

Sacco and Vanzetti (1920s)

Italian radicals who became symbols of the Red Scare; they were believed by many to have been innocent but convicted because of their immigrant status and radical political beliefs.

League of Nations (1920)

Organization created as a result of the Treaty of Versailles that was intended to prevent future conflicts throughout the world. Unfortunately, the US senate refused to join the organization, ultimately leading to WWII.

Harlem Renaissance (1920s)

A literary, artistic, and intellectual movement that kindled a new black cultural identity in America (JAZZ)

Marcus Garvey (1920s)

African American leader during the who founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association and advocated mass migration of African Americans back to Africa. Was deported to Jamaica in 1927.

Flappers (1920s)

women who tried to make a break from a culturally more conservative past by dressing provocatively, drinking, smoking, dancing; more common in major cities;

Teapot Dome Scandal (1921-24)

Scandal during the Harding administration involving the granting of oil-drilling rights on government land in return for money

Henry Cabot Lodge (1893-1924)

Conservative senator who wanted to keep the united states out of the league of nations

National Origins Act (1924)

Lowered immigration to 2 percent of each nationality as found in the 1890 census. This lowered immigration dramatically and, quite intentionally, almost eliminated immigration from Eastern and Southern Europe.

Dawes Plan (1924)

This loan program was crafted to give money to Germany so that they could pay war reparations and lessen the financial crisis in Europe; the program ended with the 1929 stock market crash.

Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928)

A multi-nation treaty, sponsored by American and French leaders, that outlawed war.

Isolationism (1930s)

A policy of avoiding political or military involvement with other countries

Smoot-Hawley Tariff (1930)

A high tariff on imported goods to stimulate American manufacturing, but the tariff triggered retaliatory tariffs in other countries, which further hindered global trade and led to greater economic contraction.

Civillian Conservation Corps (CCC) 1933

Provided jobs for single males on conservation projects

Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) 1933

Built dams to control flooding and produce cheap electric power

National Recovery Administration (NRA) 1933

This organization provided for a system of Industrial Self-Regulation under federal supervision

Glass-Steagall Act (1933)

established the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) and included banking reforms, some of which were designed to control speculation

Huey Long (1928-35)

"Share Our Wealth" programs. It was a 100% tax on all annual incomes over $1 million and appropriation of all fortunes in excess of $5 million. With this money Long proposed to give every American family a comfortable income, etc

Neutrality Act of 1937

Originally designed to avoid American involvement in World War II by preventing loans to those countries taking part in the conflict; they were later modified in 1939 to allow aid to Great Britain and other Allied nations.

Court Packing Scheme (1937)

FDR's plan to "pack" the Supreme Court with supporters to keep his New Deal programs from being declared unconstitutional

SS St. Louis (1939)

ship whose asylum seeking Jews were not allowed to disembark in Cuba or the US and were forced to return to Germany

Lend-Lease Act (1941)

The laws passed by the U.S. allowing us to give aid to Allies in early WWII

Atlantic Charter (1941)

World War II alliance agreement between the United States and Britain; included a clause that recognized the right of all people to choose the form of government under which they live; indicated sympathy for decolonization

War Relocation Authority (WRA) 1942

a United States government agency established to handle the internment, i.e. forced relocation and detention, of Japanese Americans during World War II.

Manhattan Project (1942-45)

Code name for the U.S. effort during World War II to produce the atomic bomb. Much of the early research was done in New York City by refugee physicists in the United States.

Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC) 1932

Agency established to provide emergency relief to large businesses, insurance companies, and banks.