ART HISTORY SURVEY 2 Exam 2

Art of the Reformation

Political and religious strife, Martin Luther nailed the 95 theses, less careers for artists, iconoclasm, shifts to non-religious subject matter, artists turn to self portraits, landscapes, and still lifes, moral, but not religious work

iconoclasm

the rejection or destruction of religious images as heretical

Isenheim alterpeice Reformation

Matthias Grunewald 1510-1515

Self-portrait Reformation

Albercht Durer 1500- representing himself as a Christ-like figure

The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse Reformation

Albercht Durer 1497- Revelation, war, conquest, death, and famine

Adam and Eve Reformation

Albercht Durer 1504- morality

The four temperments

choleric, sanguine, melancholic, phlegmatic

The Garden of Earthly Delights Reformation

Hieronymus Bosch- obscure and obscene, pleasure of sin and its consequences

The French Ambassadors Reformation

Hans Holbien- earthly and heavenly, active and contemplative

Anamorphic

realistic art so monstrously distorted by a projective transformation is is difficult to recognize -The french Ambassadors

Momento Mori

a reminder of mortality aka skulls

Melancholia 1 Reformation

Albrecht Dürer 1514- divine frenzy of artists

Four Apostles Reformation

Albrecht Dürer 1526- apostles as the 4 temperments

Death and the Matron Reformation

Hans Balding Grien- the sin of sensuality- moral lesson

Money Changer and his Wife Reformation

Quetin Massy- distraction from spiritual things by earthly items

Self Portrait Reformation

Caterima Van Hemesseu

Baroque movement

religious wars, scientific advances, rise of middle class, still lifes, and more religious scenes

Baroque Art Characteristics

usually large scale, dramatic/dynamic movement, use of space , intense emotions, dramatic lighting, brings viewer into the event, interior life, representation of social class, light

David Baroque

Bernini 1623- mid-action, slaying Goliath

St. Teresa in Ecstasy Baroque

Bernini 1645- nun and mystic, religious trances- bound to earthly body

counter-reformation

catholic church will embrace art as a way to draw people back into the church

genre painting

scenes from everyday life

tenebrism

the use of strong chiascuro in illuminated areas to create drama

Bacchus Baroque

Caravaggio-1595 the result of pursuing temporary pleasure

The Calling of Saint Matthew Baroque

Caravaggio 1600- Jesus at the table with sinners-dirty environment

Conversion of St Paul Baroque

Caravaggio 1601- Paul’s vision

Judith Beheading Holofernes Baroque

Artemisia Gentileschi- depicted poweful women due to her past difficulties with men

Water Carrier of Seville Baroque

Diego Velazquez-shows three stages of life - young, middle and old, lower social class

Las Meninas Baroque

Diego Velazquez- shows wealth and princess Margaret with her companions

The Raising of the Cross Baroque

Peter Paul Rubens- triptych, action, strong diagonal composistion

The Night Watch Baroque

Rembrandt-1642- depicts a civic group doing manly things, those with more money shown clearer

The Return of the Prodigal Son Baroque

Rembrandt-1668- moment of forgiveness, the embrace

Woman Holding a Balance Baroque

Johannes Vermeer- weighing the importance of earthly and spiritual focus, light= holy spirit

The Bitter Drink Baroque

Adriaen Brouwer- depicting strong emotion and lower class

St Cecilia Baroque

Stefano Maderno- sarcophogus, martyr died by neck wound, continued to preach three days after she was killed.

The Abduction of Persephone Baroque

Bernini- dramatic struggle

Supper at Emmaus Baroque

Caravaggio 1601- didnt recognize Christ- viewer at the table

The Incredulity of St Thomas Baroque

Caravaggio- 1602- figures shown as regular people, viewer placed in the group

The Smokers Baroque

Adriean Brouwer- crude and shocking subject matter

The Lovesick Maiden Baroque

Jan Steen- all about being jilted by a lover, sad and hysteria- dog, cupid, jar-old pregnancy test

Girl with the Pearl Earring Baroque

Jan Vermeer- his lover? pearl=chasity

The Punished Son Baroque

Jean-Baptiste Grease- retelling of the prodigal son- son brings death to the father

18th Century Art

American and French Revolution, age of enlightenment, reliance on science rather than religion, all men should have equal rights- government should protect these rights, industrial revolution, neoclassicism, romanticism, and rococo

Age of enlightenment/age of reason

using science and reasoning rather than political beliefs

Industrial Revolution

economic and social transformation; factory work

neoclassicism

revival of greek, roman, and renaissance ideals

romanticism

an exploration of emotion, feelings, and moods of all kinds, the power of nature and passion, rejected neoclassicism

rococo

ornamentation and pearl, pastel colors, small canvases, playful, sexual, myths and putti

Fete Galante

elegant outdoor entertainment

Pilgrimage to the Island of Cythera Rococo

Jean-Antoine Watteau-high class visiting the island of Venus, shows various stages of relationships

Girl Reclining Louise O Murphy Rococo

Francois Boucher- intimate and sexual, for king louis- his mistress

The Swing Rococo

Jean Honore Fragonard- cupid, dolphin, infidelity

Psyche Revived by Cupid’s Kiss Neoclassicism

Antonio Canova- x composistion

The Marriage Contract Neoclassicism

William Hogarth- politics of marriage- no money vs money, bride does not want to marry the groom

The Oath of Horatii Neoclassicism

Jacques-Louis David- Horatii bros swear allegiance to father to fight against curatti family,

18th and 19th century

rural to urban, women’s rights, scientific discoveries, technology and medicine, France is major artistic center

An Experiment on a Bird in an Air Pump Romanticism

Joseph Wright- celebrates science and technology, depicts the lunar group

Lunar Group

traveling group attempting to popularize science

The Nightmare Romanticism

John Henry Fuseli- increased interest in how the mind works, incubus, unbridled sexuality-horses

incubus

evil spirit

Watson and the Shark Romanticism

John Singleton Copely- based on a true story- exaggerated and emotional- politically motivated -black sailor

Self Portrait with Two Pupils Romanticism

Adélaï de Labille-Guiard- Painting done in response that her paintings must have been done by men, only male presence is the bust of her father

Third of May, 1808 Romanticism

Francisco Goya- Napoleons invasion of Spain, fights, riots and violence. painted in reponse

Napoleon Crossing the Alps Romanticism

Jacques-Louis David- propagada, imaginary scene, exageratted and idealized.

Raft of the Medusa Romanticism

Theodore Gericault - true story but exaggerated, complete loss of hope and death, pyramid composistion

Liberty Leading the People Romanticism

Eugene Delacroix- Second French Revolution, emotions over accurcy, allegorical liberty, all people rallied in support of the democracy

The Grand Odelisque Romanticism

Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres- female slave, and concubine, surrounded by gifts from her clients

Romantic landscapes

reflect humanity, everchanging, unpredictable and uncontrollable

sublime

a quality of greatness that inspires awe and wonder; and sometimes fear

The Hay Wain Romanticism

John Constable- very little human presence, nature is in control

The Oxbow Romanticism

Thomas Cole- sublime, unsettled land

Realism

depicts the world honestly, portrayed the lower class and the humble, presenting the working class caused a violent reaction

The Stone Breakers Realism

Gustave Courbet- Generational poverty, epic sized

The burial at Ornans Realism

Gustave Courbet- authentic mourners, church is indifferent

The Gleaners Realism

Jean-François Millet - poor stuck in generational wealth

Luncheon on the Grass Realism

Edouard Manet- refused by the Salon, immoral, nude women, dressed men

Olympia Realism

Edouard Manet- Reference to prositute in popular novel, codly indifferent

A Bar at the Folies-Bergere Realism

Edouard Manet- trapped in her job, girl at a Night club

The Gross Clinic Realism

Thomas Eakins- gross is hero, surgery

Forever Free Realism

Edmonia Lewis

Death of Cleopatra Realism Neoclassic in style

Edmonia Lewis