Untitled Flashcards Set

Mandate of Heaven

The divine right to rule granted by the gods.

Tributary System

Foreign nations had to pay tribute to the Chinese emperor and perform a ceremonial act - kowtow (a deep bow).

Qing (Manchu) Dynasty

The Dynasty in China at the time of imperialism.

Opium Wars

Conflicts in which the First Opium War led to the Treaty of Nanjing and the Second Opium War led to the Treaty of Tianjin.

Treaty of Nanjing

Britain received 5 ports, Hong Kong, the ability to trade with whoever, and extraterritoriality.

Extraterritoriality

When people from outside a nation don’t have to follow that nation’s laws.

Indemnity

The payment made by the loser to the winner.

Treaty of Tianjin

Opened 11 more ports, resulted in loss of territory, opened Beijing to foreign powers, legalized opium, and more indemnity.

Taiping Rebellion

A huge, bloody civil war fought mostly in South China, deadliest human conflict until the world wars.

Hong Xiuquan

The leader of the Taiping Rebellion who claimed to be the brother of Jesus and gained over 1 million followers.

Self-Strengthening Reforms

Efforts in the 1860s to merge Chinese values with Western technology, limited industrialization, and resistance from conservative officials.

Spheres of Influence

Areas where foreign powers gained control over large parts of China due to the Qing government’s inability to stop them.

Sino-Japanese War

For control over Korea; Japan won, gaining Taiwan and other territories.

100 Days of Reform

A second attempt at radical reform that failed and was quickly reversed by conservative Qing officials.

Open Door Policy

A U.S. policy promoting free trade in China and against spheres of influence.

Boxer Rebellion

Uprising by the Righteous Order of Harmonious Fists, supported secretly by the Qing, aimed at expelling foreign influence.

Sun Yat-sen

Chinese revolutionary and political leader advocating for a complete transformation of China.

Revive China Society

A revolutionary group formed by Sun Yat-sen aimed at overthrowing the Qing Dynasty.

Three People’s Principles

Sun Yat-sen's principles: Nationalism, Democracy, and Livelihood.

Revolution of 1911

Began with an uprising by Sun Yat-sen's followers that led to the collapse of the Qing Government.

Shogun

The great general military dictator of Japan.

Daimyo

Feudal lords and landowners in Japan.

Samurai

The warrior class in Japan.

Tokugawa Shogunate

The ruling dynasty of Japan from 1603 to 1868.

Matthew Perry

Sent by President Fillmore to open Japan with a letter and 4 warships.

Gunboat Diplomacy

The use of military force or threat to influence countries' decisions.

Treaty of Kanagawa

Opened 2 ports to the U.S. and established a consulate in Japan.

Sat-Cho Alliance

An alliance of Daimyo and Samurai who rebelled against the Shogun’s concessions to the West.

Meiji Restoration

A period of rapid industrialism and transformation in Japan.

Meiji Constitution

Established military power with veto rights and granted citizens various rights.

Zaibatsu

Large family-controlled conglomerates that dominated the Japanese economy.

Iwakura Mission

Japan's initiative to send representatives to the West to learn and copy their systems.

Russo-Japanese War

Conflicted over Korea and Manchuria, resulting in Japan's victory and humiliation of Russia.

Treaty of Portsmouth

A treaty that granted Japan control over Korea, Manchuria, and other territories.