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Untitled Flashcards Set
Untitled Flashcards Set
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34 Terms
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1
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Mandate of Heaven
The divine right to rule granted by the gods.
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Tributary System
Foreign nations had to pay tribute to the Chinese emperor and perform a ceremonial act - kowtow (a deep bow).
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Qing (Manchu) Dynasty
The Dynasty in China at the time of imperialism.
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Opium Wars
Conflicts in which the First Opium War led to the Treaty of Nanjing and the Second Opium War led to the Treaty of Tianjin.
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Treaty of Nanjing
Britain received 5 ports, Hong Kong, the ability to trade with whoever, and extraterritoriality.
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Extraterritoriality
When people from outside a nation don’t have to follow that nation’s laws.
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Indemnity
The payment made by the loser to the winner.
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Treaty of Tianjin
Opened 11 more ports, resulted in loss of territory, opened Beijing to foreign powers, legalized opium, and more indemnity.
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Taiping Rebellion
A huge, bloody civil war fought mostly in South China, deadliest human conflict until the world wars.
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Hong Xiuquan
The leader of the Taiping Rebellion who claimed to be the brother of Jesus and gained over 1 million followers.
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Self-Strengthening Reforms
Efforts in the 1860s to merge Chinese values with Western technology, limited industrialization, and resistance from conservative officials.
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Spheres of Influence
Areas where foreign powers gained control over large parts of China due to the Qing government’s inability to stop them.
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Sino-Japanese War
For control over Korea; Japan won, gaining Taiwan and other territories.
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100 Days of Reform
A second attempt at radical reform that failed and was quickly reversed by conservative Qing officials.
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Open Door Policy
A U.S. policy promoting free trade in China and against spheres of influence.
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Boxer Rebellion
Uprising by the Righteous Order of Harmonious Fists, supported secretly by the Qing, aimed at expelling foreign influence.
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Sun Yat-sen
Chinese revolutionary and political leader advocating for a complete transformation of China.
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Revive China Society
A revolutionary group formed by Sun Yat-sen aimed at overthrowing the Qing Dynasty.
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Three People’s Principles
Sun Yat-sen's principles: Nationalism, Democracy, and Livelihood.
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Revolution of 1911
Began with an uprising by Sun Yat-sen's followers that led to the collapse of the Qing Government.
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Shogun
The great general military dictator of Japan.
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Daimyo
Feudal lords and landowners in Japan.
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Samurai
The warrior class in Japan.
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Tokugawa Shogunate
The ruling dynasty of Japan from 1603 to 1868.
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Matthew Perry
Sent by President Fillmore to open Japan with a letter and 4 warships.
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Gunboat Diplomacy
The use of military force or threat to influence countries' decisions.
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Treaty of Kanagawa
Opened 2 ports to the U.S. and established a consulate in Japan.
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Sat-Cho Alliance
An alliance of Daimyo and Samurai who rebelled against the Shogun’s concessions to the West.
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Meiji Restoration
A period of rapid industrialism and transformation in Japan.
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Meiji Constitution
Established military power with veto rights and granted citizens various rights.
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Zaibatsu
Large family-controlled conglomerates that dominated the Japanese economy.
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Iwakura Mission
Japan's initiative to send representatives to the West to learn and copy their systems.
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Russo-Japanese War
Conflicted over Korea and Manchuria, resulting in Japan's victory and humiliation of Russia.
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Treaty of Portsmouth
A treaty that granted Japan control over Korea, Manchuria, and other territories.