US History Two Chapter 27

Isolationsim

A term applied by crisis to describe America’s seeming desire to close itself off from the rest of the world and shirk its international responsibilities.

Washington Conference - 1921

Produced several agreements among the major world powers in an effort to preserve world peace. Among them the Five-Power Pact which set a ratio of allowed naval tonnage. America and Britain - 5. Japan - 3. France and Italy - 1.75.

Kellogg-Briand Pact

fourteen nations signed a solemn agreement to outlaw war as an instrument of national policy, but not provisions were made for enforcement.

Mussolini

Fascist leader of Italy - 1922 -1943

Hitler

Nazi leader of Germany 1933-1945. His mad ambitions led the world into World War II. Wrote Mien Kampf (My Life).

Neutrality Acts of 1935 - 1937

Growing European turmoil prompted the U.S. Congress to ensure that we would not be dragged into another war.

Axis

Alliance between Germany and Italy, later joined by Japan.

“Panay” Incidnet

The Japanese sank an American gunboat in China, but got off with apologizing for the “accident.”

German Aggression - 1936-1939

1936 - Germany occupied the Rhineland. 1938 - Germany took over Austria. 1938 - Germany took over the rest of the Sudetenland. 1938 - Germany took over the rest of Czechoslovakia. 1939 - Germany signed a non-aggression pact with Russia. 1939 - Germany invaded Poland and touched off World War II.

Munich Conference - 1938

Hitler met with the leader of France and Britain and was awarded the Sudetenland in exchange for his pledge of no further aggression. “I believe is is a peace in our time”

Blitzkrieg

Sudden and overwhelming attack by German armed forces, successful in taking over much of continental Europe.

World War II

1939-1945

Winston Churchill

British Prime Minister. Eloquent and inspirational and without a doubt one of the century’s greatest men.

“Lend-lease”

America placed its vast armament resources at the disposal of Britain and Later Russia.

Atlantic Charter - August 14, 1941

FDR and Churchill formally agreed to work together to defeat Germany.

Hideki Tojo

Prime Minister and war leader of Japan.

Pearl Harbor - December 7, 1941

Japanese air forces launched a surprise attack on Hawaii, headquarters of the U.S. Pacific Fleet. December 8th, FDR was granted declaration of war. Approximately 2,000 killed.