Mod 10

Gregor Mendel

Father of Mendelian genetics who studied inheritance.

Genetics

The study of heredity.

Alleles

Different forms of a gene, such as DD, Dd, and dd.

Polygenic trait

A trait that is influenced by multiple genes, like hair color and height.

Genotype

The genetic makeup of an individual.

Phenotype

The physically observable traits of an individual.

Homozygous

Having two of the same alleles for a gene.

Heterozygous

Having two different alleles for a gene.

Incomplete dominance

A genetic situation in which one allele does not completely dominate another, resulting in a blend of traits, like a pink flower.

Codominance

A genetic situation in which both alleles in a heterozygote are fully expressed, such as red and white flowers appearing together.

Blood types

The classification of blood based on the presence of antigens, with multiple alleles including A, B, and O.

Sex-linked trait

A trait that is linked to the X chromosome, such as hemophilia or color blindness.

Epistasis

The expression of one gene that is dependent on the presence or expression of another gene.

Selective breeding

The practice of breeding animals to produce offspring with specific traits.

Inbreeding

Breeding within a specific species to maintain desirable traits but may lead to increased risk of genetic disorders.

Test cross

Breeding an organism with an unknown genotype with a homozygous recessive organism to determine the unknown genotype.

Pedigree

A diagram showing the occurrence of a genetic trait through generations, using circles for females and squares for males.

Genotype ratio

The ratio of different genotype combinations in offspring, like 1 TT : 1 Tt.

Phenotype ratio

The ratio of observable traits in offspring, such as 100% tall plants.