Mod 10

  • Module 10

    • Father of mendelian genetics = gregor mendel

    • Genetics = study of heredity

    • Alleles = different forms of a gene (DD Dd dd)

    • Polygenic trait = multiple genes hair color, skin color, height

    • Genotype = genetic makeup

    • Phenotype = physically observable traits

      • Crossing homozygous with heterozygous


T

t

T

TT

Tt

T

TT

Tt

  • Genotype ratio = 1 TT : 1 Tt

  • Phenotype ratio = 100% tall

  • Homozygous = two of the same alleles for 1 gene

  • Heterozygous = two different alleles for 1 gene

    • RED FLOWER MIXING WITH WHITE FLOWER

      • Incomplete dominance =  pink flower (mix of dominant and recessive alleles expressed)

      • Codominance = red and white flower (both dominant and recessive alleles expressed) 

      • Blood types = (can have AB multiple alleles)

        • A, B, O = multiple alleles

  • Sex linked trait = trait that is linked to the X chromosome (hemophilia in queen victoria's family) or (color blindness)

  • Epistasis = the expression of one gene is dependent on whether the other gene is expressed (dogs lab coats) one allele hiding the effects of another allele  

    • E = allowing pigment to show, little e does not allow pigment. Then go to Bs.

EEBB

EEBb

EeBB

EeBb

eeBB

eeBb

eebb

EEbb

Eebb



  • Selective breeding = when animals are breed to get a certain trait

  • Inbreeding = only breeding one specific species (golden retrievers w other golden retrievers) 

  • problem w inbreeding = more likely to pass on bad traits because staying with one species

  • Test cross = when breeding organism w unknown genotype w a organism w homozygous recess to find out genotype

  • Pedigree (circle=female male=square)= if box or circle is shaded they have genetic disorder (affected)