Ch 3: Biodiversity and Conservation

Mass extinctions

________ have been caused by a contribution of factors, some of which are tectonic movements, super volcanic eruption, climate change, and meteor impact which resulted in a new direction in evolution and increased biodiversity.

Continental drift

________: caused from drifting of the globe, results in new and diverse habits.

biodiversity hotspot

A(n) ________ is a region with high levels of biodiversity that is under threat from human activities.

Isolation of populations →

________ caused by environmental changes the surface is divided into curstal, tectonic plates which moved throughout geological time.

Biodiversity

________: broad concept encompassing total diversity which includes diversity of species, genetic diversity, habitat diversity.

Biodiversity

broad concept encompassing total diversity which includes diversity of species, genetic diversity, habitat diversity

Species diversity

usually in communities, product of number of species and their relative proportions

Habitat diversity

range of habitats in an ecosystem or biome

Genetic diversity

range of genetic material present in a population of a species

Natural selection

those more adapted to their environment will flourish and reproduce and those less adapted do not survive for long

Speciation

gradual change of a species when populations of the same species become separated

Physical barriers

will split up gene pool, which results in species developing in different directions

**Species diversity**

usually in communities, product of number of species and their relative proportions

**Habitat diversity**

range of habitats in an ecosystem or biome

**Genetic diversity**

range of genetic material present in a population of a species

**Natural selection**

those more adapted to their environment will flourish and reproduce and those less adapted do not survive for long

**Speciation**

gradual change of a species when populations of the same species become separated

**physical barriers**

will split up gene pool, which results in species developing in different directions

**land bridges**

allows species to invade new areas and for species to relocate, created from lowering of sea levels 

**Continental drift**

caused from drifting of the globe, results in new and diverse habits

**Mass extinctions**

have been caused by a contribution of factors which resulted in a new direction in evolution and increased biodiversity. 

A biodiversity hotspot

is a region with high levels of biodiversity that is under threat from human activities

Plate tectonics

study of the movement of the plates

**complexity of the ecosystem**

the more complex a system is, the more resilient its species will be

**stage of succession**

older, more resilient and stable ecosystems which undergo succession are less vulnerable than in young ecosystems

**limiting factors**

changes to materials provided will make it harder and result in species disappearing system is more likely to manage it one of abiotic factors is reduced

**Inertia**

property of an ecosystem to resist when subjected to a disruptive force

**Natural hazards**

naturally occurring events that may have a negative impact on the environment and humans

**Fragmentation of habitat**

the process where a large area is divided up into patchwork of fragments

**Pollution**

caused by humans can degrade or destroy habitats and make them unsuitable to support the range of species

**Overexploitation**

has escalated as human populations expand

**Modern agricultural practices**

can reduce diversity with monocultures, genetic engineering and pesticides

**Tropical biomes**

contain some of the most globally biodiverse areas in their unsustainable exploitation results in massive losses in biodiversity and their ability to perform globally impotent ecological services

**International Union for conservation of nature (IUNC)**

published the __red list of threatened species__ in several categories

**Diversity of species**

in the ecosystem promotes healthy and good environment

**Conservation biology**

sustainable use and management if natural resources

**Preservation biology**

attempts to exclude human activity in areas where humans have not yet encroached

**IGO (intergovernmental organisation)**

composed of different groups from different countries

**Governmental organisations (GO’s)**

composed of groups funded by a national government

**Non-governmental organisation (NGO)**

composed of groups run by volunteers, no relation to governments non-profit

**Designing protected areas**

where a conservation area is within a country is a significant factor in the success of the conservation effort