motor modulation neuro

In which division of the brain are the basal ganglia?

Deep within the cerebrum

What is the striatum?

the collective term used to describe the caudate and the putamen.

from where does the striatum receive input

cerebral cortex and substantia nigra pars compacta

where does the striatum send output to?

pallidum

Can you describe the main path of information through the basal ganglia circuit from

cortex back to cortex?

Cortex

Striatum

Pallidum

Thalamus

cortex

Excitation of the striatum leads to what of the thalamus?

disinhibition of the thalamus

How does the basal ganglia

circuit relate to movement?

function to modulate motor control. They are responsible for suppressing unwanted movements and preparing upper motor neurons.

What is the functional difference of the direct and indirect pathways through the basal

Ganglia?

Direct- acts to initiate intended motor programs

Indirect acts to suppress competing motor programs

Which brain region of motor modulation contains dopaminergic neurons?

Substantia nigra pars compacta

dopaminergic neurons do these help

initiate or suppress motor programs?

initiationh of intended motor programs

What disease is involved with the deterioration of

dopaminergic neurons?

parkinsons

Are all basal ganglia circuits related to motor function?

no , they regulate cognitive processes and emotion too

What are the two subregions of the cerebellum?

Cerebellar cortex and deep cerebellar nuclei

Cortical input indirectly inputs to the cerebellum through which brain nucleus?

Pontine nuclei

Where does the cerebellum output to?

Deep cerebellar nuclei

What is the overall function of the cerebellum?

Coordination and learning of movement. It detects differences between intended movement and actual movement ("motor errors") and mediates the real-time and long-term reduction of motor errors. Its circuit makes moment-to-moment motor corrections

How does the cerebellum relate to relearning motor

skills after injury?

The cerebellum is necessary to reduce errors during motor learning. For example, monkeys with lesions to the cerebellum were unable to learn to compensate for a weakened eye muscle or adjust their vestibulo-ocular reflex. This indicates the necessity of the cerebellum for motor learning.