Canadian Citizenship Study Guide

These flashcards cover key vocabulary and concepts about Canadian history and citizenship related to Aboriginal peoples, exploration, colonization, and significant events in Canada's development as a nation.

Aboriginal peoples

Native peoples of Canada, often referred to as Indians by Europeans.

Huron-Wendat

An Aboriginal group known for farming and hunting.

Cree

A group of Indigenous peoples in Canada who lived as hunter-gatherers.

Dene

An Aboriginal group primarily located in Northwest Canada known for hunting and gathering.

Sioux

Nomadic Indigenous peoples who traditionally followed bison herds.

Inuit

Indigenous peoples who traditionally lived off Arctic wildlife.

Warfare among Aboriginals

Often occurred due to competition for land, resources, and prestige.

European impact on Aboriginals

European colonization changed Indigenous ways of life and resulted in disease and death.

John Cabot

The first European to map Canada’s East Coast in 1497.

Jacques Cartier

First to explore the St. Lawrence River and claim land for France.

kanata

Iroquoian word meaning 'village', which gave Canada its name.

Count Frontenac

Governor of Quebec who refused to surrender Quebec to the English in 1690.

Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville

A hero of New France known for victories over the English.

Sir Guy Carleton

Governor of Quebec who defended Canadiens’ rights during American invasions.

Royal New France

The first European settlement established by French explorers in Canada.

Champlain

Built a fortress at Quebec City and allied with local tribes against the Iroquois.

Fur trade economy

Economy driven by the demand for beaver pelts in Europe.

Hudson's Bay Company

Granted exclusive trading rights and was a major player in the fur trade.

Voyageurs

Skilled canoe men who formed alliances with First Nations for fur trade.

Battle of the Plains of Abraham

Decisive British victory in 1759 that ended French control in North America.

Quebec Act of 1774

Accommodated French Catholic rights within the British Empire.

Loyalists

Colonists loyal to the British Crown who fled to Canada after the American Revolution.

Dominion of Canada

Term suggested in 1864 by Sir Leonard Tilley, inspired by a biblical phrase.

Responsible government

System where the Crown must have the support of elected representatives.

Fathers of Confederation

Representatives who founded Canada and established its federal structure.

British North America Act of 1867

Act that created the Dominion of Canada and established a federal government.

Métis

People of mixed Indigenous and European ancestry who played a role in Riel's uprisings.

Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR)

Completed in 1885, it became a symbol of national unity and connected the country.

D-Day

June 6, 1944, when Canadian troops took part in the Allied invasion of Normandy.

Battle of Vimy Ridge

A key Canadian victory in World War I that secured national pride.

Women's suffrage movement

Efforts by women to achieve voting rights, led by figures like Dr. Emily Stowe.

Canadian Expeditionary Force

Military formation responsible for representing Canada during World War I.

Remembrance Day

Observed on November 11 to honor the sacrifices of Canadian soldiers.

Vimy Day

April 9, celebrated to commemorate the victory at the Battle of Vimy Ridge.

Great Depression

A severe worldwide economic depression that affected Canada in the 1930s.

Second World War

Started in 1939 with Canada's involvement to defeat Axis powers.

Japanese internment

Forcible relocation of Japanese-Canadians during World War II culminating in 1988 government apology.

Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP)

National police force established to maintain law and order in Canada.

Sir John A. Macdonald

First Prime Minister of Canada and one of the Fathers of Confederation.

Laura Secord

Canadian heroine who warned of an American attack during the War of 1812.

Battle of Beaver Dams

Significant victory for Canadian forces in the War of 1812.

Assimilation

The process recommended by Lord Durham for Canadiens to integrate into English culture.

John Graves Simcoe

First Lieutenant Governor of Upper Canada and founder of Toronto.

Agnes Macphail

First woman MP in Canada, elected in 1921.

Métis Resistance

Led by Louis Riel against Canadian government actions affecting Métis rights.

Canadian Navy

Third largest in the world post-World War II, critical in Battle of the Atlantic.

Alberta and Saskatchewan

Provinces established in 1905 as part of Dominion expansion.

Slfie

A form of political representation reflecting diverse Canadian identities.

British Commonwealth of Nations

Association of states formerly part of the British Empire, including Canada.

Head Tax

Discriminatory fee imposed on Chinese immigrants to Canada during railway construction.

Underground Railroad

Network to assist escaping slaves reaching Canada.

Hudson's Bay Company

Established trade networks and influenced Canada’s economy.

Freetown, Sierra Leone

Settlement for freed Canadian slaves established post-American Revolution.