THL 202 Exam 3

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History and Literature of the New Testament. Term Exam

Theology

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50 Terms

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Agape Feast

a gathering for a common meal in which the Lords Supper was shared.

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Antilegomena

“being spoken against” refers to the new testament books whose place in the canon of the New Testament was questioned by some in the early church.

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Apocrypha

“hidden”; fourteen book in the Septuagint but not in the Hebrew Bible; accepted as authoritative by most Christians except Protestants.

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Aramaic

the native language of Most people in the Jesus’ time in the Jewish homelands, derived from Hebrew.

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Baptism

a ritual washing of purification in Jewish circles; in Christianity, a rite by which a person is joined with Jesus Christ and enters the Christian community.

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Canon

from the Greek work for a reed used as a measuring stick; refers to the authoritative collection of texts in the Old/and or New Testament

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Christ

Greek word for an “anointed one”;translates the Hebrew “Messiah”

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Deacon

from Greek diakonos, Translated “minister” or servant; term later referred to specific church official, but the role and functions are fairly undefined in New Testament times.

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Denarius

the standard coin of the Roman Empire; the wage paid to a common laborer for a day’s work.

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Diaspora

greek word that means “scattering”; refers to the Jews who were scattered through the Roman Empire prior to and during the time of the New Testament.

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Epistle

related to the Latin word for “letter”; a term used for New Testament letters.

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Eschatology

“study of last things”;deals with events surrounding the return of Christ, the final Judgement, and the end of the world.

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Essene

holiness sect of Judaism who withdrew from social life during the Second Temple period out of frustration with Hasmonean squabbles over the priesthood; teachings are represented in the Dead Sea Scrolls.

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Gentile

a non-Israelite or non-Jew; refers to all people not decsecned from the 12 tribes of Jacob/Israel.

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Gnosticism

heretical view which came to full flowering in the second and third centuries A.D.; taught that salvation come by curing a secret knowledge(gnosis in greek); views physical matter as evil; resulted either in ascetic withdrawal from the world or an overnight indulgences in it.

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God-Fearer

a gentile or non-Jew drawn t the monotheism and/or ethical teachings judaism but who did not convert to Judaism.

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Hellenistic

a word which refers to Greek culture including languages, law, art, religion, games, and drama; spread around the Mediterranean world by the conquest of Alexander the Great in the fourth century B.C. by and large adopted throughout the Roman Empire.

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Hermeneutics

a greek world for interpretation and translation; functions as a technical term for principles used to understand and apply a text.

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Homolegoumena

twenty New Testament writings constantly affirmed as biblical through the process of canonization.

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Immanuel

a name for Jesus from the birth narrative in Mathew (1:23) meaning “God is with us”; may also come in English as Emanuel

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Incarnation

“enfleshment”; term to describe God becoming human in the person of Jesus

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Judiazers

term for those who impose the Old Testament or jewish laws on old testament believers; term is pejorative and unfortunate, since the majority of New Testament Christians were Jewish.

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Justification

a legal or forensic term for being declared as righteous; being put in a right relationship with God; a favorite metaphor of Saint Paul.

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Koine

the Greek word for common; refers to the style of Greek that was used throughout the Roman Empire in the first Century; New Testament is written in this form of greek.

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Messiah

derives from Hebrew for “anointed one” a designation for a kingly in the line of David; used for the Kingly deliverer expected by the Jewish people; equivalent to the Greek Christos

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Mishnah

the oral Law commenting the torah that was put into writing around AD200

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Parable

stories told by Jesus using common metaphors to describe what “the kingdom of God is like”

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“Pax Romana”

“the peace of Rome”; used to describe the stability, law and order of the Roman Empire from the time when Augustus(Octavian) secured control of the Empire in 31 B.C.

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Pastoral Epistles

1 Timothy, Titus, and 2 Timothy

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Pentateuch

the first five books of the Hebrew Bible(Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Number, Deuteronomy); see torah

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Predestination

term the New Testament uses to assure believers that God had chosen them before time began.

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Prison Epistles

the four letters of Paul in which he identifies himself as a prisoner(Ephesians, Philippians, Colossians, Philemon)

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Prophecy

normally misunderstood simply in terms of predicting the future, the biblical term means to speak Gods word and will about the past, present, or the future; emphasis is on Gods work in the past and on applying his will in the present situation

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Propitiation

the gift of and place where Jesus by his death on the cross appeases the wrath of God.

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Q Source

a supposed document containing sayings of Jesu that was never used as a source of the writte’s of Matthew and Luke. The Q refers to the German word Quelle meaning “source”.

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Rabbi

a “teacher” in the Jewish religious tradition, at times itinerant, not associated in antiquity with a synagogue.

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Redeem

to “purchase” or “buy back”; a metaphor from the language of commerce and particularly, slavery.

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Sabbath

the sixth day; from sundown Friday to sundown on Saturday.

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Sadducee

Jewish sect controlling the priesthood and accepting only the Torah as authoritative.

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Samaritan

from the central hill country between Judea and Galilee; on the margins of Judaism with its own temple and versions of the Pentateuch.

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Sanctification

related to the word for “holiness”; in a narrow sense describes what God does to make us holy in Christ'; in a broader sense describes the ways in which believers are called to live in response to Gods action.

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Sanhedrin

an occasional gathering of Judean elites affirming decisions in capital cases.

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Septuagint

the Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible done in Egypt c. 200 B.C. supposedly by seventy scholars; it was in the Bible of early gentile Christianity.

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Synoptic

literally “with one perspective”; used to describe the common story line and is oft-times verbal agreement in the first three gospels

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Textual Criticism

the study that deals with discrepancies between copies of the New Testament texts.

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Torah

Hebrew word for the five Books of Moses, Genesis through Deuteronomy at the beginning of the Old Testament or Hebrew Bible; from the Hebrew word for “instruction” or “revelation” and often mistranslated as “law”

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Transmission

the process by which the texts of the New Testament were copied and handed down from generation to generation.

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Variant Reading

a reading which defers from another copy of the same text.

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Yahweh

the personal name by which the God of the Old Testament identifies himself; explicitly revealed to Moses at the burning bush.

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Zealots

political revolutionaries opposed to Hellenization and Roman occupation; led the revolt against Rome