Chapter 13

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19 Terms

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Yalta Conference
Feb 1945, Roosevelt, Churchill, Stalin: plan postwar world
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Iron Curtain
Separates Communist nations of Eastern Europe from the West
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Potsdam Conference
July 1945, US must let German economy revive, Stalin wants reparations from all parts of country (Soviet side mostly agricultural)
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Satellite Nations
Poland, Romania, Bulgaria, Hungary, etc., Not under direct control, but must remain friendly to Soviet Union (Communist)
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George Kennan
American embassy, long telegram
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Long Telegram
helped articulate the U.S. government's increasingly hard line against the Soviets and became the basis for the U.S. “containment” strategy toward the Soviet Union for the duration of the Cold War.
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Truman Doctrine
send money to people fighting communism
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Marshall Plan
Sec of State George C. Marshall, Give European nations American aid to rebuild economies, Soviet Union and satellite nations reject plan
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NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)
Mutual aid, US commits to maintain peace in Europe
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Red Scare
promotion of a widespread fear of a potential rise of communism, anarchism or other leftist ideologies by a society or state
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subversion
effort to secretly weaken a society and overthrow its government
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HUAC
1938, investigate alleged disloyalty and rebel activities on the part of private citizens, public employees and organizations suspected of having Communist ties
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McCarthyism
second Red Scare, political repression and persecution of left-wing individuals and a campaign spreading fear of alleged communist and socialist influence on American institutions and of Soviet espionage
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censure
the expression of formal disapproval
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brinkmanship
the art or practice of pursuing a dangerous policy to the limits of safety before stopping, especially in politics
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CIA
created to be a peace-time intelligence organization, caused in part by the growing threat of the Soviet Union post-WWII and leading into the Cold War
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covert
any clandestine operation or activity designed to influence foreign governments, organisations, persons, or events in support of American foreign policy
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developing nations
15 new countries were formed from within its former borders, and the balance of power in Eastern Europe had been destroyed
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Sputnik
“Space Race”, basketball-sized satellite that became the first manmade object to orbit the Earth, 1957