AP Gov Unit 1 Quiz p.2

Federalist Papers

group of 85 essays written by Madison, Hamilton, and Jay for the purpose of persuading the people of New York to adopt the Constitution

Formal Amendment

a change in the actual wording of the Constitution, proposed by Congress or national convention, and ratified by the states

Implied Powers

those that are “necessary and proper” to carry out Congress’ enumerated powers, and are granted to Congress through the elastic clause.

Inherent Powers

foreign policy powers (e.g., acquiring territory) held by the national government by virtue of its being a national government.

Informal Ammendment

a change in the meaning, but not wording, of the Constitution (e.g., through a court decision such as Brown v. Board).

Judicial Review

power of the courts to rule on the constitutionality of laws and government actions; established by Marbury v. Madison, 1803.

Mandates

requirements imposed by the national government upon the states, some are unfunded mandates, i.e., they are imposed by the national government, but lack funding

Marbury v. Madison, 1803

established the power of judicial review.

McCulloh v. Maryland, 1819

established principle of national supremacy and validity of implied powers

Police Powers

powers of the states to protect the public health, safety, morals, and welfare of the public.

Popular Sovereignty

principle in which ultimate political authority rests with the people.

Reserved Powers

powers held by the states through the 10^thAmendment; any power not granted to the US government is “reserved” for the sates.

Separation of Powers

principle in which the powers of the government are separated among three branches: legislative, executive, judicial.

Shay’s rebellion

1786 revolt by Massachusetts farmers seeking relief from debt and foreclosure that was a factor in the calling of the Constitutional Convention.

Super Majority

a majority greater than a simple majority of one over half, e.g., 3/5, 2/3

Unicameral Legislature

one-house legislation