blood cardiovascular respiratory

Blood

Connective tissue that transports nutrients, wastes, and hormones

Plasma

Liquid component of blood mainly consisting of water and proteins

Leukocytes

White blood cells responsible for immune response

Thrombocytes

Platelets that assist in blood clotting

Erythrocytes

Red blood cells that carry oxygen via hemoglobin

Hemoglobin

Protein in red blood cells that binds to oxygen

Hematopoiesis

Process of blood cell formation in red bone marrow

Erythropoietin

Hormone produced by kidneys that triggers red blood cell production

Hemostasis

The process of stopping bleeding through vascular spasm, platelet plug, and coagulation

Antigens

Markers on the surface of cells that trigger an immune response

Antibodies

Proteins in plasma that attack foreign antigens

Agglutinogens

Specific antigens on red blood cells that determine blood type

Rh factor

Specific protein on red blood cells determining positive or negative blood types

Blood flow

The volume of blood moving through a vessel or organ in a given period

Blood pressure

The force exerted by blood against the walls of blood vessels

Resistance

Opposition to blood flow caused by friction between blood and vessel walls

Blood vessels

Tubular structures (arteries, veins, capillaries) that transport blood

Arteries

Vessels that carry blood away from the heart

Arterioles

Small arteries that lead to capillaries

Capillaries

Microscopic vessels where gas and nutrient exchange occurs

Capillary beds

Networks of capillaries infiltrating tissues

Veins

Vessels that carry blood toward the heart

Venules

Small vessels that gather blood from capillaries into veins

Pericardium

The double-walled sac surrounding the heart

Myocardium

The muscular tissue of the heart

Contractile cardiac muscle cells

Cells responsible for the heart's pumping activity

Pacemaker cells

Non-contractile cells that generate electrical impulses to set heart rhythm

Heartbeat

The rhythmic contraction and relaxation of the heart muscle

Systole

The phase of the heartbeat when the heart muscle contracts

Diastole

The phase of the heartbeat when the heart muscle relaxes

Pulse

The pressure wave felt in an artery during ventricular systole

Electrocardiogram

A recording of the electrical activity of the heart

CPR

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation used to maintain blood flow during cardiac arrest

AED

Automated external defibrillator used to restore heart rhythm

Tourniquet

Device used to compress a limb to stop life-threatening bleeding

Pleurae

Serous membranes covering the lungs and lining the thoracic cavity

Bronchioles

Smallest air-conducting passageways in the lungs

Gas exchange

Process of swapping oxygen and carbon dioxide across membranes

Cellular respiration

Process by which cells use oxygen to produce energy (ATP)

Diffusion

Movement of gases from high concentration to low concentration

Bulk flow

Large scale movement of air or liquid due to pressure gradients

Lung capacity

The maximum amount of air the lungs can hold

Tidal volume

Amount of air moved in or out of lungs during a normal breath

Inspiratory reserve volume

Extra air that can be inhaled after a normal breath

Expiratory reserve volume

Extra air that can be exhaled after a normal breath

Residual volume

Air remaining in lungs after maximum exhalation

Vital capacity

Total amount of exchangeable air in the lung