12.2 Medical Terminology - ME580

acute

having a rapid onset and following a short but severe course

adenocarcinoma

a malignant tumor originating in glandular tissue

allograft

a tissue or organ obtained from one member of a species and grafted to a genetically dissimilar member of the same species

anastomosis

communication between blood vessels; surgical union of parts, especially tubes

approximate

to bring (tissue) together, to be located close together

arteriotomy

the surgical incision of an artery

artheroma

an abnormal fatty deposit in an artery

arthroplasty

the surgical repair of a joint or the fashioning of a movable joint, using the patient's own tissue or an artificial replacement

ascites

accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity

ASCUS

atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance

atherectomy

the removal of plaque from an artery by means of a tiny rotating cutting blade inserted through a catheter.

autograft

a tissue or organ that is grafted into a new position on the body of the individual from which it was removed.

BMP

bone morphogenetic proteins

BPH

benign prostate hypertrophy (or hyperplasia)

brachytherapy

radiotherapy in which the source is close to the treated area

CABG

coronary artery bypass graft

cannula

small tube for insertion into a body cavity, duct or vessel

cannulation

insertion of a cannula

cardioplegia

temporary cardiac arrest induced (as by drugs) during heart surgery

caudad

toward the tail or posterior end

CHF

congestive heart failure

cholangiography

roentgenographic visualization of the bile ducts after ingestion of a radiopaque substance

cholecystectomy

surgical removal of the gallbladder

chondrocyte

a cartilage cell

CIN

cervical intraepithelial neoplasia

claudication

severe pain in the calf muscles; occurs during movement but subsides at rest; due to inadequate blood supply

cholelithiasis

the presence or formation of gallstones in the gallbladder or bile ducts.

colpotomy

surgical incision of the vagina

COPD

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

cutaneous

relating to the skin

cystoscopy

the use of a cystoscope to examine the bladder

cytotoxic

toxic to cells

DES

drug eluted stent

desufflation

allowing gas or powder to escape from a body cavity

discectomy

the partial or complete excision of an intervertebral disk

distal

furthest from the body; away from the central point

dysplasia

abnormal growth or development

elastin

a protein similar to collagen that is the principal structural component of elastic fibers.

embolism

sudden obstruction of a blood vessel by an embolus

embolus

an abnormal particle circulating in the blood

empyema

presence of pus in a bodily cavity

endarterectomy

removal of the inner layer of an artery when thickened and atheromatous or occluded

endometriosis

a gynecologic disorder characterized by the abnormal presence of functional endometrial tissue outside the uterus, often resulting in pelvic pain and dysmenorrhea.

endogenous

growing from or on the inside

endoscopy

visual examination of interior of a hollow organ

epidermal

the outer, nonvascular, nonsensitive layer of the skin

ERCP

endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

eschar

a scab formed especially after a burn

exogenous

growing from or on the outside

extirpate

to remove surgically

ex vivo

occurring outside the body of living organisms

fistula

an abnormal passage between an abscess or hollow organ and the body surface or from one hollow organ to another, e.g., from a vein to an artery

fluoroscope

a device equipped with a fluorescent screen on which the internal structures of an optically opaque object may be continuously viewed as shadowy images formed by the differential transmission of x-rays through the object

fluoroscopy

examination by means of a fluoroscope

foramen ovale

opening in the septum between the two atria; normally only in the fetus

fulguration

the destruction of soft tissue by an electric spark that jumps the gap from an electrode to the tissue without the electrode touching the tissue

fundus

bottom or part opposite the aperture of the internal surface of a hollow organ

fungate

assume a fungous form or grow rapidly like a fungus

gastrostomy

surgical procedure in which an opening is made into the stomach to the outside through the abdominal wall

gastrotomy

the operation of cutting into the stomach.

GERD

gastroesophageal reflux disease

hemostasis

stoppage of blood flow; arrest of bleeding

hemolysis

lysis (disintegration) of red blood cells with liberation of hemoglobin

hiatal hernia

hernia in which part of the stomach protrudes through the esophageal opening of the diaphragm. Also called hiatus hernia.

histology

branch of anatomy dealing with minute structure of tissue as discernible with a microscope

homeostasis

relative uniformity of the body's normal internal environment

hyperplasia

abnormal or unusual increase in the elements composing a part (as tissue cells)

hypertrophy

excessive development of an organ or part

hypotrophy

subnormal growth

hypoxia

deficiency of oxygen reaching the tissues of the body

IDE

Investigational Device Exemption

infra-

below, beneath, inferior to

inguinal

pertaining to region of the groin

in situ

In the natural or original position

insufflate

to treat by blowing a medicated powder, gas, or vapor into a bodily cavity.

intercostal

situated or extending between the ribs

intramural

situated or occurring within the substance of the walls of an organ

intrathecal

introduced into the space under the arachnoid membrane of the brain or spinal cord

intubation

the introduction of a tube into a hollow organ to keep it open or restore its patency if obstructed

in vitro

occurring outside the living body (traditionally in a test tube)

in vivo

occurring within the body of living organisms

insufflation

blowing gas or powder into a body cavity

intralumenal

Within the lumen of a structure

intramedullary

situated or occurring within the medulla

iontophoresis

introduction of an ionized substance (e.g. a drug) through intact skin by application of a direct electric current

IRB

Institutional Review Board

ischemia

tissue anemia due to obstruction of inflow of arterial blood

IVUS

intravascular ultrasound

jejunum

section of the small intestine; first 2/5 beyond the duodenum

jejunostomy

surgical formation of an opening through abdominal wall into the jejunum

laparoscopy

visual examination of abdomen through the abdominal wall

laparotomy

the surgical opening of the abdomen

ligate

to tie or bind with a ligature

LVAD

left ventricular assist device

LEEP

loop electrosurgical excision procedure

lysis

the dissolution or destruction of cells

macerate

to cause to become soft or separated into constituent elements as if by steeping in fluid

meatus

a natural body passage

medulla

inner or deep part of an organ

menorrhagia

abnormally profuse menstrual flow