12.2 Medical Terminology - ME580

acute -                   having a rapid onset and following a short but severe course

adenocarcioma -  a malignant tumor originating in glandular tissue

allograft -               a tissue or organ obtained from one member of a species and grafted to a genetically dissimilar member of the same species

anastomosis -       communication between blood vessels; surgical union of parts, esp.

                              tubes

approximate -        to bring (tissue) together, to be located close together

arteriotomy -         the surgical incision of an artery

artheroma -           an abnormal fatty deposit in an artery

arthroplasty -         the surgical repair of a joint or the fashioning of a movable joint, using the       patient's own tissue or an artificial replacement

ascites -                accumulatiom of fluid in the peritoneal cavity

ASCUS -               atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance

atherectomy -        the removal of plaque from an artery by means of a tiny rotating cutting blade inserted through a catheter.

autograft -             a tissue or organ that is grafted into a new position on the body of the individual from which it was removed.

BMP -                    bone morphogenetic proteins

BPH -                    benign prostrate hypertrophy (or hyperplagia)

brachytherapy -     radiotherapy in which the source is close to the treated area

CABG -                 coronary artery bypass graft       

cannula (pl. cannulas or cannulae) - small tube for insertion into a body cavity, duct or

                              vessel

cannulation -         insertion of a cannula

cardioplegia -        temporary cardiac arrest induced (as by drugs) during heart surgery

caudad -                toward the tail or posterior end

CHF -                    congestive heart failure

cholangiography - roentgenographic visualization of the bile ducts after ingestion of a

                              radiopaque substance

cholecystectomy - surgical removal of the gallbladder

chondrocyte -        a cartilage cell

CIN -                     cervical intraepithelial neoplasia

claudication -        severe pain in the calf muscles;occurs during movement but subsides at rest; due to inadequate blood supply

cholelithiasis -       the presence or formation of gallstones in the gallbladder or bile ducts.

colpotomy -           surgical incision of the vagina

COPD -                 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

cutaneous -           relating to the skin

cystoscopy -          the use of a cystoscope to examine the bladder

cytotoxic -              toxic to cells

DES -                    drug eluted stent

desufflation -         allowing gas or powder to escape from a body cavity

discectomy -         the partial or complete excision of an intervertebral disk

distal -                   furthest from the body; away from the central point

dysplasia -            abnormal growth or development; (dysplastic – adj.)

elastin -                 a protein similar to collagen that is the principal structural component of           elastic fibers.

embolism -            sudden obstruction of a blood vessel by an embolus

embolus -              an abnormal particle circulating in the blood

empyema -            presence of pus in a bodily cavity

endarterectomy - removal of the inner layer of an artery when thickened and

                              atheromatous or occluded

endometriosis -     a gynecologic disorder characterized by the abnormal presence of functional endometrial tissue outside the uterus, often resulting in pelvic pain and dysmenorrhea.

endogenous -        growing from or on the inside

endoscopy -          visual examination of interior of a hollow organ

epidermal -            the outer, nonvascular, nonsensitive layer of the skin

ERCP -                  endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

eschar -                 a scab formed especially after a burn

exogenous -          growing from or on the outside

extirpate -              to remove surgically

ex vivo -                occurring outside the body of living organisms

fistula -                  an abnormal passage between an abscess or hollow organ and the body surface or from one hollow organ to another, e.g., from a vein to

                              an artery

fluoroscope -         a device equipped with a fluorescent screen on which the internal structures of an optically opaque object, such as the human body, may be continuously viewed as shadowy images formed by the differential transmission of x-rays through the object

fluoroscopy -         examination by means of a fluoroscope

foramen ovale -     opening in the septum between the two atria; normally only in the

                              fetus

fulguration             the destruction of soft tissue by an electric spark that jumps the gap from an electrode to the tissue without the electrode touching the tissue

fundus -                 bottom or part opposite the aperture of the internal surface of a hollow

                              organ

fungate -                assume a fungous form or grow rapidly like a fungus

gastrostomy -        surgical procedure in which an opening is made into the stomach to

                              the outside through the abdominal wall

gastrotomy -          the operation of cutting into the stomach.

GERD -                 gastroesophageal reflux disease

hemostasis -         stoppage of blood flow; arrest of bleeding

hemolysis -           lysis (disintegration) of red blood cells with liberation of hemoglobin

hiatal hernia -        hernia in which part of the stomach protrudes through the esophageal opening of the diaphragm. Also called hiatus hernia.

histology -             branch of anatomy dealing with minute structure of animal and plant

                              tissue as discernible with a microscope

homeostasis -       relative uniformity of the body's normal internal environment

hyperplasia -         abnormal or unusual increase in the elements composing a part (as

                              tissue cells)

hypertrophy -        excessive development of an organ or part

hypotrophy -          subnormal growth

hypoxia -               deficiency of oxygen reaching the tissues of the body

IDE -                      Investigational Device Exemption

infra-                      below, beneath, inferior to

inguinal -               pertaining to region of the groin

in situ -                  In the natural or original position

insufflate -             to treat by blowing a medicated powder, gas, or vapor into a bodily cavity.

intercostal -           situated or extending between the ribs

intramural -           situated or occurring within the substance of the walls of an organ

intrathecal -           introduced into the space under the arachnoid membrane of the brain

                              or spinal chord

intubation -            the introduction of a tube into a hollow organ to keep it open or

                              restore its patency if obstructed

in vitro -                 occurring outside the living body (traditionally in a test tube)

in vivo -                 occurring within the body of living organisms

insufflation -          blowing gas or powder into a body cavity

intralumenal          Within the lumen of a structure

intramedullary -     (intra-med'-l-e-re) situated or occurring within the medulla

iontophoresis -      introduction of an ionized substance (e.g. a drug) through intact skin    by application of a direct electric current

IRB -                      Institutional Review Board

ischemia -             tissue anemia due to obstruction of inflow of arterial blood

IVUS -                   intravascular ultrasound

jejunum -               (ji'-ju-num) section of the small intestin; first 2/5 beyond the

                              duodenum

jejunostomy -        surgical formation of an opening thru abdominal wall into the jejunum

laparoscopy -        (lap-a-ros'-ka-pe) visual examination of abdomen thru the abdominal

                              wall

laparotomy            the surgical opening of the abdomen

ligate -                   to tie or bind with a ligature

LVAD -                  left ventricular assist device

LEEP -                  loop electrosurgical excision procedure

lysis -                     the dissolution or destruction of cells

macerate -             to cause to become soft or separated into constituent elements as if

                              by steeping in fluid

meatus -                a natural body passage

medulla -               (me-del'-a) inner or deep part of an organ

menorrhagia -       abnormally profuse menstrual flow

mesentery -        fold of peritoneum that holds abdominal organs to the posterior wall of     the abdomen

metaplasia -          transformation of one tissue into another (metaplastic – adj.)

metastasis -          change of position, state or form

morbidity -             a diseased state or symptom; the incidence of disease

necrose -               to undergo necrosis

necrosis -              death of cells or tissues, especially in a localized area of the body

NED -                    no evidence of disease

neoplasia -            the process of tumor formation, a tumorous condition in the body

nosocomial -         taking place in a hospital

NOTES -               natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery

obturator -             a device which blocks the opening of an instrument being introduced

                              into the body

OSA -                    obstructive sleep apnea

osteoblast -           a cell from which bone develops; a bone-forming cell

ostium -                 a mouth-like opening in a bodily part (as a fallopian tube)

palliate -                reduce the violence of a disease; ease without curing

papilla -                 any small nipple shaped protuberance

patency -               quality or state of being open or unobstructed

pathogens -           any disease-producing agent, esp. a virus, bacterium, or other microorganism

pathology -            the science or the study of the origin, nature, and course of diseases

PCI -                      percutaneous cardiovascular intervention

percutaneous -      performed through the skin

pericardium -         membrane surrounding the heart; consists of two parts: outer or

                              fibrous pericardium, and inner or serous pericardium

peritoneum -         the serous membrane of the abdominal cavity

PFO -                    patent foramen ovale

phacoemulsification    -cataract operation in which the diseased lens is reduced to a liquid by ultrasonic vibrations and drained out of the eye

pharmacokinetics (in Greek: "pharmacon" meaning drug and "kinetikos" meaning putting in motion, the study of time dependency) is a branch of pharmacology dedicated to the determination of the fate of substances administered externally to a living organism.

phlebotomy -         letting of blood for transfusion, testing & formerly for disease treatment

PICC -                   peripherally inserted central catheter

PIVA -                   pericardioscopic intrapericardial ventricular actuation

plication -              tightening of stretched or weakened tissues or channels by folding the excess in tucks and suturing

PMA -                    premarket approval application

presbyopia -          a visual condition in which loss of elasticity of the lens causes inability to focus sharply for near vision

proctocolectomy - surgical removal of the rectum and all or part of the colon.

proximal -              closest to the body; near the central point

PTCA -                  percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty

pyrogenic -            producing or produced by fever

restenosis -           return of arterial plaque

SCJ -                     squamous columnar junction

sclerosant -           an injectable irritant that is used in the treatment of varicose veins and             that causes inflammation and subsequent fibrosis, thus obliterating the lumen of the vein

SFA –                    superficial femoral artery

splenectomy -       surgical removal of the spleen.

stasis -                  stagnation or cessation of flow, (e.g., hemostasis - stoppage of blood

                              flow)

stenosis -              narrowing or constriction of the diameter of a bodily passage or orifice

sternotomy -          surgical incision through the sternum

stoma -                  1) any small simple bodily opening, 2) artificial permanent opening, e.g.,a

                              colostomy

stylet -                   1) a slender probe 2) a wire placed in a catheter lumen to give it rigidity

subacute -             somewhat or moderately acute

thoracotomy -        surgical incision of the chest wall

thrombogenic -      tending to produce a thrombus

thrombus -             blood clot

thrombosis -          forming of a blood clot

thrombolysis -       destroying or breaking up of blood clots

TMR -                    transmyocardial revascularization

transluminal -        passing or occurring across a lumen, as of a blood vessel

trephine -               a small circular saw which is attached a transverse handle: used in surgery to remove circular disks of bone from the skull

trocar -                  a sharp pointed instrument fitted with a cannula and used to insert the

                              cannula into a body cavity as a drainage outlet or means to introduce instruments, e.g., for laparoscopic procedures

TUNA -                  transuretheral needle ablation

turbid -                   thick or opaque with matter in suspension, cloudy or muddy

TURP -                  transurethreal radical prostatectomy

valvulotomy -        surgical incision of a valve

varix (pl. varices) - an abnormally dilated and lengthened vein, artery or lymph vessel

vitrectomy -           removal of the whole or part of the vitreous humor of the eye

vitreous humor -    transparent jellylike material that fills the chamber behind the lens of

                               the eye

xiphoid process – the lowest division of the sternum, usually cartilaginous throughout life