Chapter 6 - Pakistan Movement in the Early 20th Century

Press Act

The act in 1908 which gave more powers to the government to restrict freedom of expression and media.

1900-1911

a period of improved British- Muslim relations.

Hindus

dominated the politics and economy of Bengal while keeping Muslims underdeveloped and poor.

Jinnah

led the ML while Mahajan led the INC

Bengal

was one of the largest provinces of British India with a huge population of more 80 million spread over a small area.

Liberal Party

In February 1906, the party who won the elections in England

Muslim League

was founded on 30th December, 1906.

East Bengal

The part of Bengal where the Muslims were a decisive majority and had formed their own government

Viceroy Lord Curzon

In 1903, he proposed the partition of Bengal into two provinces

West Bengal

The part of Bengal with Hindu majority

Mr. Bal Ganga Dhar Tilak

the INC leader who used to deliver impassioned and provoking speeches to incite the people for pressurizing the government for self rule

Partition of Bengal

For the INC, this policy was yet another example of the old British policy of “divide and rule”

Indian Council’s Act

The Act passed in 1909 (also known as Morley-Minto reforms)

Simla Deputation

On 8th October 1906, a delegation of 36 Muslims led by Sir Aga Khan, called on the Viceroy Lord Minto at Simla.

Arya Samaj

By the start of the twentieth century the activities of the Hindu extremist party which had become more intense.

All India Muslim League

The new name given to All India Muslim Confederac

Morley-Minto reforms

These reforms were jointly drafted by the Viceroy Lord Minto, and the Secretary of State for India John Morley.

Muslims

They given the right of separate electorates in Morley-Minto reforms

John Morley

His remarks were: “I for one would have nothing to do with it (democracy/parliament).”

Swadeshi Movement

At many places, British factory made cotton cloth was set on fire and people were persuaded to wear locally made clothes.

King George V

He announced the annulment of the partition in December 1911

Lucknow Pact

first occasion of Hindu-Muslim unity that showed the possibility of starting some kind of Home Rule campaign

1916

The year Lucknow Pact was signed

ambassador of Hindu-Muslim unity

the title given to Jinnah by Mr Gokhle

Montague-Chelmsford reforms

The reforms which were jointly drafted by the Secretary of State, John Montague and the Viceroy, Lord Chelmsford.

Sikhs

The minority who were granted the separate electorates in Montague-Chelmsford reforms

Rowlatt Act

The Act empowered the local administration/police to arrest anyone without warrant, detain him without the right of bail and decide where the people in a province should live.

General Dyer

He ordered open fire in Jallianwala Bagh, Amritsar, in 1919