1920s notes

Who was president during 1921-1923 and how many terms did he serve

Warren G. Harding

Who was president during 1923-1929

Calvin Coolidge

Who was president during 1929-1933

Herbert Hoover

What was Harding’s political philosophy

“Return to normalcy”

What were Harding’s goals?

* Return the country to post-war normalcy
* End progressivism’s agenda of government regulation
* Lower income taxes
* Limit immigration

What was the Ohio Gang and what were they known for

They were Harding’s Cabinet which was really just a group of his friends.

They were characterized for their close ties to the president and corruption

What was Coolidge’s goals

* Maintain immigration restrictions
* Limit aid relief to farmers
* Increase tax cuts on businesses and the wealthy
* Maintain isolationism

What was Coolidge’s political philosophy

“The business of America is business”

What was Coolidge’s foreign policy

* Limit power of the military
* Stay out of foreign affairs
* Isolation/Neutrality

Charles Lindbergh

1927, first male to successfully fly an airplane across the Atlantic Ocean

Amelia Earhart

1932, first female to successfully fly an airplane across the Atlantic Ocean

Emergency Quota Act of 1921

Restricted to 3% of the people of their nationality who lived in the U.S. in 1910

Emergency Quota Act of 1924

Restricted to 2% of the people of their nationality who lived in the U.S. in 1890

Who did the Red Scare affect

* Labor activists
* Workers who went on strike
* Eastern and Southern European immigrants

What was the Sacco and Vanzetti situation

These 2 Italian men were accused of murdering 2 individuals for $15,000.

They were really at the wrong place at the wrong time

Their guilty verdict and execution was largely seen as an injustice and evidence of anti-immigrant sentiment

America’s Immigration policy and Isolationism

America is trying to stay away from both fronts. They’re really trying to avoid anything foreign.

What was the reason for the “Back to Africa” movement and the Universal Negro Improvement Association

African Americans were convinced that they could not overcome their oppression since there was a lot of race riots, lynching, and discrimination against them

Who led the “Back to Africa” Movement

Marcus Garvey

NAACP

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

What did the NAACP do

* Focused on lobbying efforts to end racial segregation and discrimination
* Anti-lynching laws
* Ending school and work segregation

Who was John Scopes

He was a biology teacher who was arrested for teaching evolution. He was found guilty and was fined $100, but the verdict was eventually overturned.

What was the 18th Amendment

An amendment that prohibited the manufacture, sale, and consumption of Alcohol under the Volstead Act

Effects of the 18th Amendment

* Organized crime
* Increased drinking
* Government Corruption

19th Amendment?

Women gained the right to vote

What were some opportunities women gained

* **New job opportunities** which led to education, independence, and delayed marriages
* **New fashion**

Harlem Renaissance

The era where African American musicians, artists, & writers centered in Harlem portrayed African American history, & everyday life. Writers portrayed themes of hope, African American pride, and oppression

Lost Generation

Post WWI, writers such as F. Scott Fitzgerald, Gertrude Stein, and Ernest Hemingway wrote themes of tragedy, death, corruption and loss of morality.

What happened during Hoover’s presidency

* The stock market crashed, causing a chain reaction that would lead to the Great Depression
* Unemployment became 25%