[PCOG-LAB-MID] EXAM COVERAGE PT. 1

THIS FLASH CARDS IS ABOUT THE EXAM COVERAGE OF PCOG LAB, ACTS 3&4.

Extraction of Pectin from Pomelo (Citrus maxima)

What is the name of Activity 3?

Citrus maxima

What is the scientific name of Pomelo?

• Pomelo pericarp

• Distilled water

• 3N Sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄)

• Celite

• Alcohol (ethanol)

What are the five (5) Reagents/Chemicals Used in Activity 3?

Pectin

A partially methyl-esterified polymer of galacturonic acid; water-soluble and gel-forming.

Partially methyl-esterified polymer

Pectin is a?

Galacturonic acid

Pectin is a partially methyl-esterified polymer of what acid?

True

True or False:

Pectin is water-soluble and gel-forming.

Protopectin

An insoluble parent substance of pectin found in unripe fruits; convert to pectin upon hydrolysis.

True

True or False:

Protopectin is insoluble.

Protopectin

What is the parent substance of pectin?

Unripe fruits

Protopectin is found in?

Hydrolysis

Protopectin converts to pectin upon?

Pectic Acid

A completely de-esterified pectin; insoluble in water and does not form gels.

Completely de-esterified pectin

Pectic Acid is a?

True

True or False:

Pectic Acid is insoluble in water and does not form gels.

Pectinic Acid

A partially esterified pectic acid; soluble and capable of gel formation.

Partially esterified pectic acid

Pectinic Acid is a?

True

True or False:

Pectinic Acid is soluble and capable of gel formation.

Commercial pectin may contain impurities, preservatives, and variable esterification, making it unsuitable for strict pharmaceutical standards.

Why is commercial pectin not suitable for pharmaceutical use?

• Suspending agent

• Antidiarrheal agent

• Demulcent

• Binder in tablets

Pharmaceutical uses of natural pectin:

Exudates, Barks, Roots and Seeds Yielding Carbohydrates

What is the name of Activity 4?

• Gum tragacanth

• Acacia gum

• Phloroglucinol

• Glycerin

• Iodine T.S.

• Dilute lead sub-acetate

What are the six (6) Chemicals/Reagents used in Activity 4?

Acacia

Obtained as dried gummy exudates from cuts on Acacia tree bark.

Dried gummy exudates

Acacia is obtained as ______ from cuts on Acacia tree bark.

Acacia tree bark

Acacia is obtained as dried gummy exudates from cuts on?

Tragacanth

Collected as ribbon-like dried exudates from Astragalus species.

Ribbon-like dried exudates

Tragacanth is collected as _______ from Astragalus species.

Astragalus species

Tragacanth is collected as ribbon-like dried exudates from what species?

Gums

Pathological products, soluble in water (e.g., Acacia).

True

True or False:

Gums are a pathological products, soluble in water.

Acacia

What is an example of a gum?

Mucilage

Physiological products, swell in water (e.g., Plantago).

True

True or False:

Mucilages are physiological products that swells in water.

Plantago

What is an example of Mucilage?

• Binder

• Emulsifier

• Suspending agent

What are the three (3) pharmaceutical uses of Acacia Gum?

• Thickening agent

• Demulcent

• Stabilizer

What are the three (3) pharmaceutical uses of Tragacanth?

Acacia

Dried gummy exudate; emulsifier and binder.

Tragacanth

Dried sap; suspending and thickening agent.

Plantago

Seed husk; bulk laxative.

Althea

Root; demulcent and soothing agent.

Elm

Bark; demulcent.