[4] TITRATION

Titrant

The substance with known concentration that we use to react/ be consumed during the analysis

Analyte + titrant:

the titrant with known conc. Will react with the unknown and that will produce a product /display an endpoint if the titrant is fully consumed

titrant is usually called __

standard solution

titrant is placed in the __

burette

Analyte is Usually placed in __

an Erlenmeyer Flask

Analyte

it is an element we want to observe, the compound/action/substance that we wish to measure or analyze

Analyte

The one we want to know the amount or concentration

Standard / Primary standard

Referring to solids of high purity (99.9% pure); with Minimal degradants/contamination

Standard solution

Once the solids with high purity are turned into liquid

common solvent of primary standard to make standard solution

water

Indicator

-Used to visualize an endpoint

-The one responsible for the visible color change once the endpoint is reached

Indicator is placed in the __

erlenmeyer flask with the analyte

Equivalence point

In relation to the endpoint; The point wherein the titrant has reached the required amount of the analyte for it to react

point where we can see the endpoint

Equivalence point

equivalence point is also known as

stoichiometric point

SETUP FOR TITRATING AN ACID WITH A BASE:

e-flask: contains aqueous solutions of sample being analyzed.

burette- containing aqueous NaOH of accurately known concentration.

SETUP FOR TITRATING AN ACID WITH A BASE:

initial reading of the burette

0.0ml or any starting point

SETUP FOR TITRATING AN ACID WITH A BASE:

A solution of NaOH is added slowly to the sample being analyzed. The sample is mixed.

-Once you see a color change/ endpoint is reached, stop the process

-Do a second/final reading to check the amount needed to deliver to reach the endpoint

SETUP FOR TITRATING AN ACID WITH A BASE:

The amount of NaOH added from the buret exactly equals the amount of H supplied by the acid being analyzed, the dye (indicator) changes color.

Clear liquids = lower meniscus

Colored/ opaque liquids = upper meniscus

SETUP FOR TITRATING AN ACID WITH A BASE:

volume consumed

= final reading - initial reading

phenolpthalein indicator

acid

yellow

phenolpthalein indicator

basic

dark/slightly dark pink (red in other textbooks)

phenolpthalein indicator

neutral

very light pink (lightest possible pink)