A&P - CH. 7a

Skeletal Cartilage

• Contains no blood vessels or nerves.

• Most abundant is Hyaline

• Elastic Cartilage

• Fibrocartilage

Axial Skeleton and Appendicular Skeleton

What are the two main groups of the skeleton?

Support, protection, movement, storage

What are the functions of bones?

Minerals (calcium and phosphorus) and growth factors

What do bones store?

Marrow Cavities (Red bone marrow)

Where does blood cell formation (hematopoiesis) happen?

Mostly found in the Axial skeleton and the bones of the hands and feet in the Adult Skeleton

Where is Red Bone Marrow found?

RBC, WBC, platelets

What cells do bones form?

Yellow bone marrow

What bone marrow stores Triglyceride (energy) storage in bone cavities?

In the medullary cavity of the long bones in the Adult Skeleton

Where is Yellow bone marrow usually found?

Adipose Tissue (fat)

What is yellow bone marrow mostly made of?

Red bone marrow

In children, what is the medullary cavity mostly filled with?

A clog and cause a state of myocardial infarction or Fat Embolism (parliamentary embolism)

If there is a fracture, the yellow bone marrow can get into the blood circulation and lead to?

A fine rash will develop. Adipose tissue is in the epithelium

What does Fat Embolism look like on the skin?

Bulges, Depressions, Holes

______, ______, and ______ serve as sites of attachment for muscles, ligaments, and tendons, as well as joint surfaces and conduits for blood vessels and nerves.

Tuberosity

Large rounded projection; may be roughened

Crest

Narrow ridge of bone; usually prominent

Trochanter

Very large, blunt, irregularly shaped process (the only examples are on the femur)

Line

Narrow ridge of bone; less prominent than a crest

Tubercles

Small rounded projection or process

Epicondyle

Raised area on or above a condyle

Spine

Sharp, slender, often pointed projection

Process

Any bony prominence

Osteoblasts

What cells develop bone by depositing calcium salts into the developing bone?

Calcitonin

What hormone stimulates osteoblasts?

Thyroid Gland

What gland produces calcitonin and plays a pivotal role in calcium metabolism in the human body?

The activity uses up blood calcium as osteoblasts lead to the increased deposition of calcium salts in the developing bone. Results in the blood calcium levels falling

If there is increased OSTEOBLASTIC activities, what will happen to the blood calcium levels?

It releases hormones which influence the metabolism (calcium in this case) which will decrease the calcium levels in the body to a life threatening level

What happens if a tumor forms in the bone, whether its cancerous or noncancerous?

• Muscular contraction: if the heart stops pumping, it will enable cardiac arrest

• Neural transmission: when the nerves have to stimulate a target, they release a neurotransmitter made up of mostly calcium-dependent forces

• Only electrolytes with blood clotting factor

What are the three important processes of calcium?

Osteoclasts

What cells destroy bone continuously?

Parathyroid glands (PTH)

What 4 pea-sized glands are located behind the thyroid gland?

Leads to the rise in Blood calcium level. Increased breakdown of the bone leads to an enhanced release of calcium salts in the blood stream

If there is increased OSTEOCLASTIC activities, what will happen to the blood calcium levels?

Stimulates blood calcium to a high level production and can create kidney stones

What happens if tumors are on parathyroid glands?

Manubrium

Name this bone

Body of Sternum

Name this bone

Sternal Angle of Louis

Name this bone

Second Rib

Name this bone

Ribs in the ribcage

What landmark is used in counting?

Sternal angle of Louis

What part of the ribs is used to find the 2nd rib since the first is covered by the clavicle?

Xiphoid Process

Solidification of cartilage in the sternum and usually happens around age 40

Ilium

Name this region of the pelvis

Iliac Crest

Name this region of the pelvis

Anterior Superior Iliac Spine

Name this region of the pelvis

Acetabulum

Name this region of the pelvis

Socket for hip joint

What is the acetabulum?

Ischial Spine

Name this region of the pelvis

Greater Sciatic Notch

Name this region of the pelvis

Ischium

Name this region of the pelvis

Pubis

Name this region of the pelvis

Obturator Foramen

Name this region of the pelvis

Ischial Tuberosity

Name this region of the pelvis

Where we sit

The Ischial Tuberosity is...

Femur

What is the ONLY bone is present in the area of the thigh?

Head of femur

Name this region of the femur

Head

What part of the femur fits into the ACETABULUM and creates the hip joint?

Fovea Capitis

Name this region of the femur

Greater Trochanter

Name this region of the femur

Lesser Trochanter

Name this region of the femur

Neck of Femur

Name this region of the femur

Intertrochanteric Line

Name this region of the femur

Linea Aspera

Name this region of the femur

Popliteal Surface

Name this region of the femur

Medial Epicondyle

Name this region of the femur

Lateral Epicondyle

Name this region of the femur

Medial Condyle

Name this region of the femur

Lateral Condyle

Name this region of the femur

Patellar Surface

Name this region of the femur

Kneecap (patella)

What does the patellar surface form?

Patella

Name this bone

Talus

Name this region of the foot

Ankle joint

What does the talus form?

Heel

What the calcaneus form?

Calcaneus

Name this region of the foot

Humerus

Name this bone

Greater Tubercle

Name this region of the humerus

Head of humerus

Name this region of the humerus

Forming the shoulder joint

What does the head of humerus participate in?

Anatomical neck of humerus

Name this region of the humerus

Capsule of shoulder

What does the anatomical neck of humerus attach to?

Lesser Tubercle

Name this region of the humerus

Intertubercular Sulcus/Groove

Name this region of the humerus

Surgical neck of humerus

Name this region of the humerus

The axillary nerve

What nerve wraps around the surgical neck of the humerus which supplies the deltoid that contours the shoulder?

Surgical neck

What part of the humerus often fractures?

Deltoid Tuberosity

Name this region of the humerus

Coronoid Fossa

Name this region of the humerus

Capitulum

Name this region of the humerus

Radius

What does the capitulum of the humerus form a joint with?

Trochlea

Name this region of the humerus

Ulna

What does the trochlea form a joint with?

Medial Epicondyle

Name this region of the humerus

Ulnar nerve (funny bone)

What nerve is associated with the medial epicondyle of the humerus?

Lateral Epicondyle

Name this region of the humerus

Olecranon Fossa

Name this region of the humerus

Clavicle (collarbone)

Name this bone

Age 21

What age does the clavicle ossify?

Scapula (Shoulder blade)

Name this bone

The Glenoid Cavity, which forms part of the shoulder joint

What does the scapula form part of?

Acromion

Name this region of scapula

Tip of shoulder

What does the acromion of the scapula form?

Acromial End

Name this region of the clavicle