Video Notes: DSM-5-TR, ICD-11, Culture, and Diagnostic Frameworks (Vocabulary Flashcards)

Vocabulary flashcards covering key concepts from Pages 1–12 of the DSM-5-TR/ICD-11 notes, including definitions, framework, culture, and social determinants.

ICD-11

International Classification of Diseases, 11th Revision; WHO-endorsed classification with clinical descriptions and diagnostic guidelines; aims for harmonization with DSM-5; adoption varies by country; US uses ICD-10-CM for now.

DSM-5

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition; standard DSM edition used for diagnosis and research; includes Level 1 Cross-Cutting measures and a move toward nonaxial documentation.

ICD-11 vs DSM-5 harmonization

Efforts to align ICD-11 guidelines with DSM-5 criteria where possible; DSM-5/ICD-11 differences tend to reflect different priorities and uses; overall trend toward closer alignment.

Mental disorder (definition)

A syndrome with clinically significant disturbance in cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior due to dysfunction in underlying psychological, biological, or developmental processes.

Distress or disability

Mental disorders are usually associated with clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important activities.

Not an expectable cultural response

A behavior or experience arising from an accepted response to stress or loss is not, by itself, a mental disorder.

Socially deviant behavior

Deviance from social norms is not a mental disorder unless it reflects a dysfunction in the individual.

Clinical utility

The usefulness of a diagnosis in guiding prognosis, treatment plans, and outcomes; not the same as a need for treatment.

Need for treatment vs diagnosis

Some individuals may require treatment even if they do not meet full diagnostic criteria for a disorder.

Forensic use caution (DSM-5)

Cautions about applying DSM-5 in legal contexts; diagnosis alone is not sufficient for issues like criminal responsibility or competency.

Categorical diagnosis

Classification of disorders into discrete categories based on criteria; traditional DSM approach, though with dimensional elements.

Dimensional diagnosis

Describes presentations along continuous dimensions (severity, traits) rather than strict categories; useful for subthreshold symptoms but has limitations.

Comorbidity

Co-occurrence of two or more disorders; challenges strict category boundaries.

Symptom heterogeneity

Within-disorder variability in symptom presentation; contributes to heterogeneity across patients.

Unspecified vs Other Specified diagnoses

Categories for presentations that don’t fit specific DSM disorders; used to classify non-specified or partial symptom patterns.

Level 1 Cross-Cutting Symptom Measure

A brief DSM-5-TR screening tool assessing major domains of psychiatric functioning to detect latent or coexisting issues.

Cross-Cutting Symptom Measures

Section III tools in DSM-5-TR to assess broad psychiatric domains beyond specific diagnoses.

Nonaxial documentation

DSM-5 move away from multi-axial system; diagnoses listed together with psychosocial factors in Z codes.

Z codes

Codes for other conditions that may be a focus of clinical attention; capture psychosocial and contextual factors.

WHODAS

World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule; replaces GAF; based on ICF; used to assess disability across health domains.

ICF

International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health; framework underlying WHODAS for functioning and disability.

Culture-related diagnostic issues

DSM-5-TR considerations on how culture shapes disorder characteristics and assessment.

Cultural concepts of distress

Three concepts: cultural idiom of distress, cultural explanation or perceived cause, and cultural syndrome.

Cultural idiom of distress

A culturally shaped way of expressing distress or suffering; may not map to a specific disorder.

Cultural explanation or perceived cause

Locally held etiological beliefs (e.g., stress, spirits) that help explain symptoms.

Cultural syndrome

A cluster of symptoms recognized within a culture; may or may not be labeled as a medical illness.

Racism as a social determinant of health

Racism affects physical and mental health and is a key factor in diagnostic disparities and outcomes.

Racialization

Social process of constructing racial identities through ideology and practice; linked to discrimination and exclusion.

Racialized identities

identities shaped by racialization; closely tied to exposure to bias and health disparities.

Systemic/institutional racism

Racism embedded in practices and policies of institutions that create inequities in care and outcomes.

Ethnoracial equity and inclusion

DSM-5-TR work groups focused on reducing disparities; language shifts to avoid stereotypes; inclusion of ethnoracial considerations.

Sex vs. gender

Sex: biological differences (reproductive anatomy/XX/XY). Gender: social/psychological identity and roles.

Sex and gender differences in diagnosis

Sex/gender can influence risk, prevalence, symptom expression, and help-seeking; differences are integrated into DSM-5-TR.

Peripartum onset

Specifier for mood episodes beginning during pregnancy or in the postpartum period.

Reproductive life cycle events

Hormonal changes across cycles/events (menstruation, pregnancy, menopause) affecting risk and expression of illness.

DSM-5-TR changes (cultural focus)

Text revision incorporating culture, racism, and inclusive language; emphasis on ethnoracial context and inclusive terminology.

Prevalence data considerations

Prevalence sections contextualize findings by geography and groups; limited data for some ethnoracial groups; more research needed.