Spanish Grammar and Vocabulary Review

These flashcards cover essential vocabulary and grammar concepts from Spanish III, focusing on verbs, conjugations, and key grammatical structures.

Conjugation AR endings

Present tense: -o, -as, -a, -amos, -an; Preterite: -é, -aste, -ó, -amos, -aron.

Conjugation ER endings

Present tense: -o, -es, -e, -emos, -en; Preterite: -í, -iste, -ió, -imos, -ieron.

Conjugation IR endings

Present tense: -o, -es, -e, -imos, -en; Preterite: -í, -iste, -ió, -imos, -ieron.

Imperfect endings for AR

-aba, -abas, -aba, -ábamos, -aban.

Present participle ending for AR verbs

-ando (e.g., hablar ➔ hablando).

Present participle endings for ER/IR verbs

-iendo (e.g., comer ➔ comiendo).

What is the subjunctive mood used for?

Expressing uncertainty, desire, or hypothetical situations.

Possessive adjectives

Show ownership; must match the noun in number and gender.

Difference between preterite and imperfect

Preterite describes completed actions; imperfect describes ongoing or habitual actions.

DOP (Direct Object Pronouns)

me, te, lo/la, nos, los/las; replace nouns.

IOP (Indirect Object Pronouns)

me, te, le, nos, les; indicate to whom the action is done.

Prepositions followed by infinitive

Prepositions are always followed by the infinitive form of the verb.

Por vs. Para

'Por' is used for motivation/reason; 'Para' is used for purpose/goal.

Passive 'se' structure

Used to express passive voice without stating the agent: Se + verb in third person.

Reflexive verbs

Indicate that the subject performs an action on itself (e.g., me lavo).

Conditional tense endings

-ía, -ías, -ía, -íamos, -ían for AR, ER, and IR verbs.

Gustar structure

IOP + gustar (conjugated) + subject (thing liked).

Reciprocal reflexive verbs

Indicate mutual actions between subjects (e.g., nos queremos).

Examples of trigger phrases for subjunctive

'Quiero que', 'Es posible', 'Dudar'.

Indefinite articles in Spanish

Un/una for singular, unos/unas for plural; indicate non-specific nouns.