Precipitation- Radar, Weather Satellites, Bergeron Process

Largely based on my notes from my Extreme Weather class at Suffolk County Community College.

Wide Area, Light To Moderate

Generally, precipitation from stratiform clouds covers a_______and is_________in intensity.

More Narrow Area, Greater

Generally, precipitation from cumuliform clouds covers a___________and is___________in intensity than stratiform clouds.

Antenna, Radio Waves

In radar, there is an_______that emits shorts bursts of________into the atmosphere.

Greater Amount Of Energy

Generally, larger objects are responsible for reflecting a___________back to a radar, although other factors also influence the returned signal.

Movement Directly Toward Or Away, Transmitted Pulse And A Received Echo

Differing from traditional radar, Doppler Radar can also calculate a target’s_______________from the Radar, which does this by measuring the shift in phase between a______________

Towards, Away From

In Doppler Radar, a positive shift in phase implies motion_____the radar, whereas a negative shift in phase implies motion_______the radar.

Radial Velocity

This is measured by Doppler Radar, and is how fast a target is moving toward or away from the radar itself.

Visible Satellite Imagery

Satellite imagery that shows the amount of visible sunlight reflected to a satellite sensor by clouds. Due to this, it can only be viewed during the day.

White, Gray, Dark

On visible satellite imagery, clouds show up as_____in color, the ground is normally_______in color, and the water shows up as a_____color.

Thunderstorms, Detected On Radar

Visible Satellite Imagery is very useful in detecting the building of________, as they can see them before they are________

Water Vapor Satellite Imagery

Satellite imagery that indicates how much moisture is present in the upper atmosphere.

Whitest, Dark

In water vapor satellite imagery, the highest humidities will be the_______areas in color, while dry regions will be_______ in color.

Electromagnetic Radiation, Wavelength Bands, Satellites, Remote Sensing

Water vapor absorbs and reradiates _______________in various____________. This radiation, which is intercepted by_______, is the basis for_________of tropospheric water vapor.

Infrared Satellite Imagery

Satellite pictures that can show clouds in both the day and the night, where clouds and the Earth’s surface are identified by satellite sensors that measure heat radiating off of them

Intensity, Severe Thunderstorms

Infrared satellite imagery is useful in determining the______of thunderstorms, as______often have very cold cloud tops.

Temperature, Degrees Kelvin

The color variations of cloud tops in infrared satellite imagery represent different ranges in________, usually measured in__________

Supercooled Water Droplets, Ice Crystals, At Or Below

The Bergeron Process occurs in clouds that contain both_______and________, which requires temperatures ________0 degrees Celsius to exist in the cloud.

Condensing, Deposit Onto

In the Bergeron Process, instead of___________into a liquid droplet, water vapor molecules_________ice crystals.

Faster Rate, Growing

In the Bergeron Process, ice crystals will accept water vapor molecules at a_________ than it will give them away, leading to the crystal_______over time.

Evaporate

In the Bergeron Process, cloud droplets_______as the ice crystal grows.