Studied by 2 people
information processing model
model explaining how brain processes and stores information
encoding
converting information into a form usable by memory
attention
concentration on specific information or task
selective attention
focusing on specific info while ignoring others
divided attention
spliting focus between multiple tasks
levels-of-processing theory
memory recall depends on depth of processing information
shallow processing
thinking about something not too deeply
semantic processing
understanding the meaning of information
deep processing
thinking about something very carefully and thoroughly
atkinson shiffrin three stage model of memory
model explainint memory in three stages: sensory, short term, and long term
sensory memory
brief storage of sensory information in memory system
iconic memory
a brief visual memory
echoic memory
brief auditory memory
haptic memory
brief memory of touch sensations
automatic processing
performing tasks without effort or awareness; eating chips while watching tv
parallel processing
processing many things at the same time
effortful processing
trying hard to learn or remember something: like this stupid test…
chunk
grouping information into smaller units for memory
working memory model
model explaining how we us information in our minds
explicit memory
memory you can consciously recall and describe
semantic memory
memory of general knowledge
implicit memory
memory without concious recall, like skills and habits
procedural memories
prospective memory
memories of how to do things
long term potentiation
strengthening of synaptic connections for long-term memory storage
flashbulb memory
vivid memory of a significant event; 9/11
thalamus
part of the brain relaying sensory information to cortex
anterograde amnesia
inability to form new memories after an anterograde-inducing event
retrograde annesia
cannot remember things that happened before their amnesia
cerebellum
controls cognition and movement
recall
retrieving stored memory
reconstruction
retrieving memory little by little
savings method
memory’s easier when you’ve learned it before
overlearning effect
repeating until it’s hard to forget
serial position effect
remembering srart and end but not the middle
primacy effect
remembering items in the beginning more strongly
recency effect
remembering things on a list that was more recent
mnemonic devices
memory tricks for easier recall
retrieval cues
hints triggering memory recall
priming
earlier info affecting how you see new things
distributed practice
studying over time to keep info better
mnemonic devices
tricks to help remember information better
method of loci
using places to remember info
peg word mnemonic
using rhymes to remember order
context dependent memory
remembering better in its original learning environment
state dependent
recall linked to internal states like mood
interference
new or old info interferes with memory recall
proactive interference
old info hinders remembering new info
retroactive interference
new info interferes with recalling old memories
repression
unconscious blocking of bad memories
phonemes
smallest units of sound
morphemes
smallest units if meaning language
synthax
rules on sentence structure
babbling
first stage in speech development, experiementing with sounds “goo goo ga ga”
holophrase
second stage in speech development, one word “mama”
telegraphic speech
third stage of speech development: they begin to put together two-word sentences “me want”
overgeneralizarion
applying grammar rules too broadly “i want to go to there”
linguistic relativity hypothesis
language shapes perception and cognition
metacognition
thinking about your own thinking and learning
Note
Flashcard