PY 131 Chapter 1: Textbook Notes

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34 Terms

1

Honesty

________ is built into science, as well as community.

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2

What is the most basic science?

Physics

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3

What do physicists study?

Everything in the universe (matter and motion)

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4

How far away is the Moon from Earth?

110 Moon diameters

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5

How far away is the Sun from Earth?

110 Sun diameters

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6

Aristarchus

________: found the size of the moon and suggested Earth only spins on its axis once per day.

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7

Lord Kelvin

said that if you can measure something in numbers, you clearly know something about it.

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8

Denialism

Substantiated claims hold no value.

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9

True or false: Scientists should be skeptics

TRUE but they shouldn’t be denialists

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10

Physics

the study of the rules of nature and the most foundational of all the sciences.

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11

Galileo

________ and Francis Bacon: created the common scientific method we know today.

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12

Eratosthenes of Cyrene

found Earths size by measuring shadows with a vertical pillar.

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13

Biology

the most complex science.

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14

Skepticism

unsubstantiated claims hold no value.

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15

Scientific fact

repeatedly confirmed observation agreed upon by competent observers.

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16

Scientific Theory

A well- tested explanation that unifies a broad range of observations within the natural world.

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17

Scientific attitude

inquiry, integrity, and humility.

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18

Scientific hypothesis

A temporary explanation for an observable phenomenon that is testable.

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19

Scientific law

A generalized description about the nature of the world

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20

What’s an example of a scientific law?

Law of Gravity

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21

Eratosthenes of Cyrene

found Earths size by measuring shadows with a vertical pillar

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22

Lord Kelvin

said that if you can measure something in numbers, you clearly know something about it

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23

Aristarchus

found the size of the moon and suggested Earth only spins on its axis once per day

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24

Charles Goodyears

found volcanized rubber

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25

Galileo and Francis Bacon

created the common scientific method we know today

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26

Scientific method

Observe, Hypothesize, Predict, Perform, Summarize

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27

Scientific attitude

inquiry, integrity, and humility

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28

Scientific fact

repeatedly confirmed observation agreed upon by competent observers

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29

Scientific hypothesis

A temporary explanation for an observable phenomenon that is testable

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30

Scientific Theory

A well-tested explanation that unifies a broad range of observations within the natural world

New cards
31

Skepticism

unsubstantiated claims hold no value

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32

Denialism

Substantiated claims hold no value

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33

Physics

the study of the rules of nature and the most foundational of all the sciences

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34

Biology

the most complex science

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