PY 131 Chapter 1: Textbook Notes

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Physics

Newton's Laws

University/Undergrad

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34 Terms

1
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Honesty
________ is built into science, as well as community.
2
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What is the most basic science?
Physics
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What do physicists study?
Everything in the universe (matter and motion)
4
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How far away is the Moon from Earth?
110 Moon diameters
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How far away is the Sun from Earth?
110 Sun diameters
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Aristarchus
________: found the size of the moon and suggested Earth only spins on its axis once per day.
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Lord Kelvin
said that if you can measure something in numbers, you clearly know something about it.
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Denialism
Substantiated claims hold no value.
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True or false: Scientists should be skeptics
TRUE but they shouldn’t be denialists
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Physics
the study of the rules of nature and the most foundational of all the sciences.
11
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Galileo
________ and Francis Bacon: created the common scientific method we know today.
12
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Eratosthenes of Cyrene
found Earths size by measuring shadows with a vertical pillar.
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Biology
the most complex science.
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Skepticism
unsubstantiated claims hold no value.
15
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Scientific fact
repeatedly confirmed observation agreed upon by competent observers.
16
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Scientific Theory
A well- tested explanation that unifies a broad range of observations within the natural world.
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Scientific attitude
inquiry, integrity, and humility.
18
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Scientific hypothesis
A temporary explanation for an observable phenomenon that is testable.
19
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Scientific law
A generalized description about the nature of the world
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What’s an example of a scientific law?
Law of Gravity
21
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Eratosthenes of Cyrene
found Earths size by measuring shadows with a vertical pillar
22
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Lord Kelvin
said that if you can measure something in numbers, you clearly know something about it
23
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Aristarchus
found the size of the moon and suggested Earth only spins on its axis once per day
24
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Charles Goodyears
found volcanized rubber
25
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Galileo and Francis Bacon
created the common scientific method we know today
26
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Scientific method
Observe, Hypothesize, Predict, Perform, Summarize
27
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Scientific attitude
inquiry, integrity, and humility
28
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Scientific fact
repeatedly confirmed observation agreed upon by competent observers
29
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Scientific hypothesis
A temporary explanation for an observable phenomenon that is testable
30
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Scientific Theory
A well-tested explanation that unifies a broad range of observations within the natural world
31
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Skepticism
unsubstantiated claims hold no value
32
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Denialism
Substantiated claims hold no value
33
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Physics
the study of the rules of nature and the most foundational of all the sciences
34
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Biology
the most complex science