Quiz 3 review

Gendered Routes

Immigration paths shaped by gender expectations, where men primarily migrated as laborers, while women faced exclusion or limited opportunities.

Chinese Exclusion Act

1882 law that specifically targeted Chinese immigrants, severely limiting the number of Chinese women who could immigrate.

Picture Brides

Women who migrated to the U.S. through arranged marriages facilitated by photographs, commonly from Japan, Korea, and China.

Page Act of 1875

Legislation that restrictively targeted the migration of Chinese women, allowing only limited numbers for specific labor.

Laboring Women

Chinese women brought to the U.S. for domestic work or prostitution, often from impoverished backgrounds.

Elite Women

Educated or high-class Chinese women who migrated for family reunification or educational opportunities, but in very small numbers.

Progressive Reformers

Individuals in the U.S. advocating for social reform to improve the living conditions of Chinese women, often rooted in racialized views.

Sojourners

Japanese immigrants who intended to return to Japan after making money, before the arrival of their families through the picture-bride system.

Anti-Asian Sentiment

Growing hostility towards Asian immigrants that led to the abolishment of the picture-bride system by 1920.

Issei

First-generation Japanese immigrants who often viewed their Nisei children as more American, especially during and after WWII.

Nisei

Second-generation Japanese Americans, born in the U.S. and perceived by their Issei parents as more assimilated into American culture.

Executive Order 9066

The order issued by the U.S. government that led to the internment of Japanese Americans during WWII.

The Politics of Incarceration

The framing of Japanese internment as a military necessity, despite a lack of evidence to justify such measures.

Life in Internment Camps

Experiences characterized by overcrowded conditions, loss of property and livelihood, yet efforts to maintain community and normalcy.

Racial Prejudice

Longstanding discrimination that fueled the justification for the internment of Japanese Americans during WWII.

442nd Regimental Combat Team

A highly decorated unit in U.S. military history, primarily composed of Japanese American soldiers during WWII.

Bretton Woods Agreement

Post-WWII agreement aimed at stabilizing global economies to counter the spread of communism.

Third World in Cold War

Regions targeted for ideological influence by the U.S. and Soviet Union, pivotal to Asian American policies.

Racial Liberalism

Shift in U.S. racial rhetoric that emerged partly in response to Soviet propaganda, addressing racial injustices.

Model Minority

Narrative that framed Chinese Americans as culturally compatible with U.S. values, contrasting them with historically perceived 'bad' Asians.

1952 McCarren-Walter Immigration Act

Legislation that permitted limited immigration from Asia and allowed naturalization for some Asian immigrants, but still imposed quotas.

1965 Immigration Act

Legislation that eliminated racial quotas and emphasized family reunification, significantly increasing immigration from Asia.

Civil Rights Movement

Social movement influencing the removal of racial quotas in the 1965 Immigration Act, promoting racial equality.

Fear of Government Retaliation

Key factor preventing mass protests among Japanese Americans during their internment.

Social Services for Chinese Women

Programs proposed by reformers aimed at improving the livelihoods of Chinese women and countering prostitution.

Post-war Economic Integration

The success of Nisei children after WWII, reinforcing Issei beliefs about their assimilation into American society.

Overcrowded Barracks

Conditions in internment camps where families lived, reflective of the harsh realities faced by Japanese Americans.

Government Justification

The rationale used by U.S. authorities to frame Japanese internment as necessary for national security.

Japanese American Communities

Communities established in the U.S. as families were reunited through the picture-bride system.

Systemic Racism

Historical patterns of discrimination against Asian immigrants, including laws like the Chinese Exclusion Act and internment.