Late Adulthood: Physical and Cognitive Development

These flashcards focus on the key concepts related to physical and cognitive development in late adulthood, including life expectancy, health factors, brain changes, and cognitive function.

What is the difference between Life Span and Life Expectancy?

Life Span is the maximum potential years a human can live (~120–125 years), while Life Expectancy is the average lifespan a newborn is expected to have under current population mortality conditions.

What factors contribute to increasing Life Expectancy?

Medicine, nutrition, exercise, lifestyle, reduced infant mortality, and socioeconomics.

Which country has the lowest life expectancy according to the lecture?

Afghanistan with a life expectancy of 52 years.

What are the key contributors to the longevity of centenarians?

Longevity-linked genes, strong coping skills and resilience, and stable daily routines.

What is the Aging Brain's weight loss percentage between ages 20 and 90?

The brain loses 5–10% of its weight.

What happens to neurons in the aging brain?

Neurons shrink, resulting in fewer synapses and simpler dendrites.

What is Neurogenesis?

The formation of new neurons, primarily in the hippocampus, which can occur with mental stimulation.

What are common vision changes in late adulthood?

Aging affects cognition and social life; cataracts, glaucoma, and macular degeneration are common issues.

How does exercise benefit older adults?

It preserves muscle and bone, reduces falls, and improves heart health and cognition.

What is Wisdom in the context of late adulthood?

Expert knowledge of life that guides good judgment in complex situations; high levels are uncommon.