IGCSE CHEM_CHAP 2.7_Metallic bonding (extended)

Metallic bonding

The electrostatic attraction between positive metal ions in a giant lattice and a sea of delocalised electrons; Liên kết kim loại.

Giant metallic lattice

A regular three-dimensional arrangement of positive metal ions; Lưới tinh thể kim loại khổng lồ.

Delocalised electrons

Electrons from the outer shells of metal atoms that are free to move throughout the entire structure; Electron tự do.

Malleable

The property of a material that allows it to be hammered or rolled into thin sheets without breaking; Có tính dẻo.

Ductile

The property of a material that allows it to be drawn out into thin wires; Có tính kéo sợi.

Alloy

A mixture of a metal with other metals or non-metals to improve its properties; Hợp kim.

Electrostatic attraction

The force that holds the positive metal ions and negative delocalised electrons together; Lực hút tĩnh điện.

Metallic bonding

What is the electrostatic attraction between positive metal ions and a sea of delocalised electrons?

Positive ions (cations)

What type of ions are arranged in a giant metallic lattice?

Sea of delocalised electrons

What surrounds the positive metal ions in a metallic structure?

They are free to move

What is unique about the movement of electrons in the outer shell of metal atoms?

Giant structure

What type of overall structure do metals consist of?

Regular pattern

How are the atoms in a metal lattice arranged?

Good

How is the electrical conductivity of metals?

Delocalised electrons

Which particles allow metals to conduct electricity?

Throughout the whole structure

Where can delocalised electrons move within a metal?

Malleable

What term describes a metal's ability to be bent and shaped?

Ductile

What term describes a metal's ability to be drawn into wires?

Layers of atoms can slide

Why are metals malleable and ductile?

Over each other

How do the layers of atoms move when a metal is bent?

High

Do most metals have high or low melting points?

High

Do most metals have high or low boiling points?

Strong metallic bonds

Why is a lot of energy required to melt metals?

Electrostatic attraction

What specific force must be overcome to melt a metal?

Negatively charged

What is the charge of the delocalised electrons?

Positively charged

What is the charge of the metal ions in the lattice?

Alloy

What is a mixture of a metal with other materials called?

Harder

Are alloys generally harder or softer than pure metals?

Different sizes of atoms

What causes the distortion of layers in an alloy?

They cannot slide past each other

What happens to the layers of atoms in an alloy when force is applied?

Pure metal

Which is easier to bend: a pure metal or an alloy?

Brass or Steel

What is an example of an alloy?

Outer shell

From which part of the atom do delocalised electrons come?

Giant metallic lattice

What is the specific name of the 3D arrangement in metals?

Heat

Besides electricity, what else do metals conduct well?

Cations

What is another name for the positive metal ions?

Strong

How would you describe the strength of metallic bonds?

Energy

What is needed in large amounts to break strong metallic bonds?

Sea

What common word is used to describe the collection of delocalised electrons?

Metals

Which category of elements exhibits metallic bonding?

Sliding layers

What structural feature makes pure metals soft?

Distorted layers

What structural feature makes alloys hard?

Electrical current

What flows through a metal when it conducts electricity?

Lattice

What is the repeating regular pattern of particles called?

Attraction

Does metallic bonding involve attraction or repulsion?

Electrons

Which subatomic particles are "delocalised"?

Positive

What is the charge of the metal particles that stay in the lattice?

Ability to move

On what does the conduction of electricity in metals depend?

Pure metal

In which structure are all atoms the same size?

Alloy

In which structure are atoms of different sizes present?

Physical change

Is melting a metal a physical or chemical change?

Electrostatic

What type of force is the metallic bond?

Sea of electrons

Why are metals often shiny (lustrous)?

Melting

What process involves overcoming the attraction between ions and delocalised electrons?

Lattice arrangement

Why do metals have high densities?

3D

Is the metallic lattice a 2D or 3D structure?

Stability

What does the strong attraction between ions and electrons provide to the metal?