06.F Protein Synthesis (PART F)

RNA (Description)

A nucleic acid that is single-stranded (no helix), and made up of RNA nucleotides that consist of a ribose sugar, a phosphate and one of four nitrogen bases - adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil

messenger RNA (mRNA)

A type of RNA that carries the genetic information from DNA to the cytoplasm for protein synthesis

transfer RNA (tRNA)

A type of RNA that transfers amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis

RNA Nucleotides

A nucleic acid that consists of ribose and one of the following nitrogenous bases: uracil or cytosine or adenine or guanine

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Small structures made up of several ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecules that can be found in the cytoplasm or on the rough endoplasmic reticulum

Amino Acids

Building blocks (monomers) of protein

Peptide Bond

The chemical bond that forms between two amino acids

Polypeptide

A polymer (chain) of many amino acids linked together by peptide bonds

RNA (Types)

mRNA

rRNA

tRNA

mRNA Dictionary

A dictionary that is used to determine the amino acid that amino acid that each codon on RNA codes for

Codon

A three letter sequence of nitrogen bases found on mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid

Anticodon

A three letter sequence of nitrogen bases found on tRNA that codes for a particular amino acid

Start / Stop codons

Codons on mRNA that signal the start and stop of protein synthesis. Start codon is AUG which also can code for methionine while the STOP codon and can one of three different codons

Transcription

A process in which mRNA copies the information from a gene found on DNA that contains the instructions to make one polypeptide and carries the message to the ribosome

RNA Polymerase

Enzyme similar to DNA polymerase that binds to DNA and separates the DNA strands during transcription

Translation

A process in which mRNA pairs with tRNA at ribosomes where amino acids that are carried by tRNA are joined together with peptide bonds

Protein

A macromolecule found in living things that is made of one or more polypeptide chains (chains of amino acids)