Designing and Making Principles

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30 Terms

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Iterative design
A cyclical process involving repeated stages of design, testing, and refinement.
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Destructive testing
Pushing a product to its limits to identify optimal materials and construction methods.
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Non-destructive testing
Evaluating product function and identifying design flaws without damaging the model.
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Market testing
Gathering feedback on product performance and design from the target market.
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User-Centered Design (UCD)
Prioritizing user needs over iterative refinement.
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Freehand sketches
Quick, informal drawings to capture initial design ideas.
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Formal drawings
Precise, organized drawings created by hand or CAD software.
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Isometric drawings
Technical drawings focusing on clarity and accurate measurements, without depth illusion.
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Perspective drawings
Creating a realistic illusion of depth with objects shrinking in the distance.
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Single-point perspective
Showing an object from the front with one vanishing point on the horizon.
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Two-point perspective
Showing an object from the side with two vanishing points for a more realistic view.
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Working drawings
Detailed instructions for product construction sent to manufacturers.
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Exploded diagrams
Illustrating product assembly by showing components separated and assembled.
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First angle projection
Depicting views as if looking through an X-ray.
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Third angle projection
View from the right drawn on the right side (most common).
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Tessellation
Arranging shapes to minimize wasted space on material sheets.
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Nesting software
Automatically placing irregular shapes for cutting with minimal gaps.
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Lay plans
Manual layout for fabrics considering nap and limiting nesting effectiveness.
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Marking out
Using measurements and reference points to prepare materials for production.
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Datum references
Reference points for measurements, chosen by the manufacturer for accuracy.
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Datum surface
A straight edge of the design.
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Datum point
A single point, often at a corner.
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Circular datum
Around the edge or from the center of a circle.
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Paper & board
Common materials with various finishes like printing, coating, and laminating.
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Textiles
Fabrics requiring treatments like stain resistance, antimicrobial, and flame retardants.
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Wood
Material often finished with paints, varnishes, stains, and preservatives.
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Metals
Commonly finished with powder coating, dipping, galvanizing, and electroplating.
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Surface finishing
Applying coatings or treatments to enhance product appearance and performance.
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Plastics
Often finished with polishing, decals, and printing.
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Electronics
Requiring protective insulation, lacquering, and lubrication.