Digestive System Overview and Functions (lab)

Amylase

Enzyme that breaks down carbohydrates.

Trypsin

Protease from pancreas that digests proteins.

Bile salts

Emulsify fats for digestion.

Lugol's test

Identifies lack of starch digestion

Benedict's test

Detects carb digestion.

Enamel

Outermost layer of tooth crown.

Dentin

Calcified tissue forming bulk of root and tooth.

Pulp cavity

Contains blood vessels and nerves.

Periodontal ligament

Anchors tooth in its socket.

Tooth ratio

I = 2/2, C = 1/1, Pm = 2/2, M = 3/3.

Soft palate

Closes off the nasopharynx during swallowing.

Fauces

Posterior opening of the oral cavity.

Uvula

Projection from the soft palate.

Incisor

Tooth for cutting and biting.

Cuspid

Tooth with one point for biting.

Bicuspid

Tooth with two cusps for grinding.

Molar

Tooth with multiple cusps for grinding.

GI tract order

Oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine.

Accessory organs

Liver, gallbladder, pancreas, salivary glands.

Mucosa

Deepest layer lining the GI tract lumen.

Submucosa

Contains submucosal plexus and connective tissue.

Muscularis externa

Smooth muscle layer aiding peristalsis.

Serosa

Outermost layer of the GI tract.

Submucosal gland

Secretes mucus in the GI tract.

Esophageal sphincter

Entrance to the stomach.

Pyloric sphincter

Exit from the stomach.

Parotid gland

Largest salivary gland.

Sublingual gland

Salivary gland beneath the tongue.

Cystic duct

Connects gallbladder to bile ducts.

Endocrine function

Hormonal secretion into the bloodstream.

Exocrine function

Secretion through ducts.

Polysaccharides

Complex carbohydrates like starch and glycogen.

Disaccharides

Lactose, maltose, sucrose

Monosaccharides

Galactose glucose fructose

Jejunum

Segment of small intestine for digestion.

Ileum

Final small intestine segment delivering to large intestine.

Duodenum

First small intestine segment receiving digestive enzymes.

Large intestine

Reabsorbs water and electrolytes. Compaction.

Small intestine

Main site for digestion and nutrient absorption.

BAPNA

Protein Substrate for protease activity testing.

Proteases

Enzymes that break down proteins.

Pancreatin

Digests fats

hepatopancreatic ampulla leads to

The duodenum

Parietal cells secrete; chief cells secrete

HCL; pepsinogen