AP Psychology - Therapy

eclectic therapy

a combination of different therapies

psychoanalysis therapy

used to treat anxiety; the goal is to give the patient insight/understanding by delving into the unconscious and attempting to resolve childhood fixations; energy devoted to id-superego battle

resistance, dream analysis, free association, transference, time

list the methods for psychanalysis therapy

resistance

initial holding back from the therapist; freud believed this was necessary

dream analysis

latent and manifest content analyzed

transference

when a patient unconsciously utilizes the therapist as a way to obtain closure from a past relationship (any kind of relationship); freud wanted this to happen

expensive, too abstract, misinterpretation, unpractical for immediate issues, time consuming

disadvantages of psychoanalytic therapy

freud, adler, horney, jung

people associated with psychoanalysis

humanistic therapy

treats nothing! just for people to help them work on themselves; goal is to guide the client towards self-awareness and acceptance, gearing toward looking to the future

client-centered therapy (AGE), active listening, unconditional positive regard

list the methods for humanistic therapy

active listening

summarize, asking for examples, reflecting emotions

rogers, maslow

people associated with humanistic

frustration, loss of focus, not structured

disadvantages of humanistic therapy

cognitive therapy

treats depression; goal is to change client’s beliefs about themselves and others; replace pessimism with optimism (dialogue)

RET (ABCs) and Beck’s Cognitive Therapy

list the methods for cogntive therapy

Ellis, Beck

people associated with the cognitve theory

behavior therapy

mostly used to treat phobias, addictions, and habits; goal is to eliminate unwanted behavior by using classical or operant conditioning

counterconditioning, systematic desensitization, exposure therapy, modeling therapy, aversive conditioning, behavior modification, token economy

list the methods for behavior therapy

counterconditioning

based off premise that anything that can be learned can be unlearned

systematic desensitization

a type of exposure therapy that pairs up progressive relation with anxiety -provoking stimuli; commonly used to treat phobias

exposure therapy

skipping to the top of the hierarchy in hopes of eventual habituation; makes use of “virtual reality”

modeling therapy

watching someone you admire do the activity that you fear (more directly towards children)

aversive conditioning

pairing up a tempting stimulus with a negative experence to kick a bad habit

behavior modification

rewards desired behaviors and either ignores or punishes undesired behaviors

token economy

patients accumulate tokens, earned for exhibiting the desired behavior, and trade them in for various privileges or treats

watson, pavlov, skinner

people associated with behavioral therapy

not getting the root cause, can relapse, a little dehumanizing

disadvantages of behavioral therapy

CBT

mostly used to treat ADHD, OCD, and eating disorders; goal is to combine the reveal of self-defeating thinking with efforts

role playing, self-affirmation statements, group therapy, family therapy

list the methods for CBT

roley playing

problematic situations are acted out and the patient practices how he/she will handle them outside of the office

group therapy

normally consists of 6-9 people attending a 90 minute session; helps more for the price of one; clients benefit from knowing others have similar problems

family therapy

treats the family as a system; therapist guides family members toward positive relationships and improved communication

placebo effect, regression towards the mean, rationalization

Why is it hard to tell if psychotherapy is effective?

meta-analysis

combine the statistical results of many different studies

Psychopharmacology

the study of how drugs affect the brain

deinstitutionalization

when the number of patients in a hospital drops; leading cause of homelessness

antipsychotic drugs; thorazine and clozapine

__ __and__ ___block dopamine receptors to remove the symptoms of schizophrenia (may cause parkinson’s symptoms such as twitching and sluggishness)

antianxiety drugs; xanax and valium

__*__*__and _______ slow activity in the CNS by elevating the levels of GABA; relieves symptoms of panic disorder, phobias, and alcohol withdrawal, easy to become psychologically addicted to

antidepressant drugs; prozac, zoloft and paxil

selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (ssris) that improve mood by elevating levels of norepinephrine and glutanate

electroconvulsive therapy

used for severely depressed patients who do not respond to drugs; the patient is anesthetized and give a muscle relaxant; patients usually get 100 volt shock that relieves them of depression; only lasts 6-8 months

psychosurgery

used on violent patients as a last result’ irreversible; severs nerve connection between prefrontal and limbic system; can feel things but can’t act on them