Studied by 5 people
How did the Renaissance start?
the Ottoman Empire started moving west, so Greek scholars moved to Italy. more people started reading Greek texts
Why did the Renaissance start in Italy?
city-states, trade economy, a wealthy merchant class, and the classical heritage of Greece and Rome
What was humanism?
intellectual movement that focused on human potential and achievements
Who was the father of humanism and what did he do?
Petrarch left his profession as a lawyer to write letters and poetry celebrating the tradition of Ancient Rome
Who was Boccaccio and what did he write?
Boccaccio wrote the Decameron, which mades fun of the middle ages - social commentary and portrays humanity as good
Who was Lorenzo Valla?
humanist that started detective scholarship and uncovered corruption by the church
What was civic humanism?
work for your city by helping everyone when you can
Who was Castiglione?
wrote the Book of the Courtier which taught people how to behave in court
Who was Dante?
writer of the Divine Comedy which critiqued the church and told the reader to turn to the classics when in doubt - written in Italian!!
Who was Machiavelli?
writer of The Prince that told the reader how to gain and keep power - a longterm ruler will bring peace, but it may be violent
Who was Christine de Pizan?
female writer of "City of Ladies" which told women to control and serve their husbands
Who was Ghiberti?
sculptor of the Gates of Paradise on the Florence Baptistry
Who was Brunelleschi?
built the dome on the Florence Cathedral (largest in 1000 years)
Who was Donatello?
sculptor who made Young David - first freestanding bronze since Classical era
Who was Giotto?
father of Renaissance painting that started using landscapes, movement, an attempt at depth, and anatomy
Who was Masaccio?
painter of first nude since Classical era
Who was Botticelli?
painter of the Birth of Venus - first large scale female nude in 100 years (i love the Birth of Venus!!!!)
Who was Da Vinci?
an architect, artist, scientist, and engineer from Florence - Mona Lisa, The Last Supper
Who was Michaelangelo?
painter and sculptor who had beef with Da Vinci - Sistine Chapel and David
Who was Raphael?
painter of frescoes who died young - the School of Athens, the Sistine Madonna
Where did most slaves in the Renaissance come from?
Eastern Europe
How did most people enter into slavery in the Renaissance?
prisoners of war, committing crimes, selling themselves into slaver
What was the Treaty of Lodi?
an alliance between Milan, Florence, and Naples which was the first of its kind
How did Charles VIII take over Florence?
France banded with Milan to fight Naples, but Charles VIII gets a big head and marches through Italy. When he gets to Florence, the Medicis try to negotiate but they get thrown out of Florence
Who was Savonarola?
a Dominican monk who preaches that France is able to take over because Italians have been sinning and need to turn back to God
What was Savonarola's solution to the sin in Florence?
declares humanists are vain and that everyone should burn their vanities (books clothes, paintings) - the Burning of the Vanities
What happens to Savonarola?
he starts speaking against the pope, so the pope gets him executed on the same spot as the Burning of the Vanities
What was an example of the corruptness of the Borgia popes?
one of them has kids (supposed to be celibate!) and marries his daughter, Lucrezia, off for political gain. However, once the husbands aren't of any more use they would (supposedly) kill them off so she could remarry
Who was Julius II?
the "warrior pope" that extends territory and gets involved in war
Why did Northern Europe switch to monarchies?
feudalism was rendered null after the invention of the longbow and the decline of knights
Why did Northern Europe switch to a money economy?
before, they had collected taxes in goods which was very inefficient. Also, they needed a better and more professional army - creating it would require money
Who unifies Spain?
Ferdinand and Isabella!
What was the motto of Ferdinand and Isabella?
one king, one faith, one law
Why did Spain become so religiously intolerant?
Ferdinand and Isabella were besties with the church, and said that everyone had to conform - started expelling Moors and Jews
What was the Spanish Inquisition?
an organization of priests that looked for and punished anyone in Spain suspected of political or religious heresy
How did Spain fund Christopher Columbus's voyage?
with the money they confiscated from the Moors and Jews they kicked out
What was the Cortes?
Spanish Parliament that didn't keep Ferdinand and Isabella in check because they just talked about what Ferdinand and Isabella wanted them to
Who was Catherine of Aragon?
the daughter of Ferdinand and Isabella and first wife of Henry VIII of England. She was queen to Henry VIII for the longest since he didn't want to divorce her due to her family's connections (her nephew was also the Holy Roman Emperor)
What was the War of the Roses?
civil war in England between the Yorks and the Lancasters
Who was Richard III?
yorkist king who became king by (maybe) killing his dead brother's sons. Was later killed in the War of the Roses
Why don't we know what Richard III actually did?
the Tudors wanted to spread propaganda against him and potentially made up the story about his nephews
How did the Tudors gain power?
they took advantage of the weak state of the Yorks and Lancasters
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Flashcard (48)