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cell
basic unit of all forms of life
prokaryote
unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus
eukaryote
organism whose cells contain a nucleus
what did Robert Hooke contribute to the cell theory?
looked at a nonliving slice of cork, called chambers cells bc they reminded him of tiny rooms in a monastery
What did Anton van Leeuwenhoek do?
used a single lens microscope to observe pond water and other things, saw tiny organisms in water and his mouth
what did Anton van Leeuwenhoek call creatures
animalcules
What does the cell theory state?
compound light microscopes are limited and can magnify objects up to __ times its size
1000
why are dyes often used on cells?
most cells are transparent, make cells and their parts visible
how do electron microscopes work
They use beams of electrons that are focused by magnetic fields
do electron microscopes work on living cells and tissue?
no, they must be placed in a vacuum therefore only work on nonliving cells and tissue
list 3 characteristics for prokaryotic cells
list 3 characteristics for eukaryotic cells
what's an example for a prokaryote
bacteria
what was the first photosynthetic organism to appear on Earth approximately 3 billion years ago?
cyanobacteria
what did cyanobacteria contribute to Earth?
oxygen in the atmosphere
what is a protist?
unicellular eukaryotic organism
how many cells is your body made of?
30
cells have different _, _, and _
sizes, structures, and functions
how many different types of cells are in the human body?
200
Define cytoplasm
jellylike substance inside the cell that contains organelles
define organelle
specialized structure that performs important cellular functions within a cell
Define selectively permeable
property of biological membranes that allows some substances to pass across it while others cannot; also called semipermeable membrane
What is the nucleus?
the storehouse for most of the genetic information, or DNA, in your cells
What is the mitochondria?
supply energy to the cell by making ATP (powerhouse of Cell City)
What is a lysosome?
defends cell from invading bacteria and viruses; breaks down damages worn out cell parts (sanitation department in Cell City)
what is a nucleolus?
makes ribosomes which in turn make proteins (city planning)
What is a ribosome?
links amino acids to form proteins (farm, factory, construction site of Cell City)
What is the golgi apparatus?
process, package, and deliver proteins from the ER (UPS for cell city)
What is the endoplasmic reticulum ER?
production of proteins and lipids
what is the cytoskeleton?
gives the cell its shape
what is the cytoplasm?
contains dissolved building blocks or organelles (foundation of cell city)
What is a vesicle?
transports materials from place to place within a cell (transportation for cell city)
What is a centriole?
organizes cell division
What is the cell wall? (plants only)
gives protection, support, and shape to the plant cell
what is chloroplast? (plants only)
carries out photosynthesis
What is a vacuole?
holds food, water, toxins, and pigment (storage unit for Cell City)
what 2 structures do plant cells have that animal cells don't?
cell walls and chloroplasts
what does the fluid mosaic model mean when discussing the cell (plasma) membrane?
proteins embedded in the liquid bilayer can move around and "float" among the lipids and because so many different kidns of molecules make up cell membrane (like a mosaic)
what is the function of cholesterol?
extra strength and support
what is the function for proteins?
what is the function for carbohydrates?
chemical identification "cards" allow individual cells to identify each other