biology 8.1-8.2 quiz

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Biology

9th

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42 Terms

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cell

basic unit of all forms of life

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prokaryote

unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus

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eukaryote

organism whose cells contain a nucleus

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what did Robert Hooke contribute to the cell theory?

looked at a nonliving slice of cork, called chambers cells bc they reminded him of tiny rooms in a monastery

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What did Anton van Leeuwenhoek do?

used a single lens microscope to observe pond water and other things, saw tiny organisms in water and his mouth

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what did Anton van Leeuwenhoek call creatures

animalcules

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What does the cell theory state?

  1. All living things are made up of cells
  2. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things
  3. New cells are produced from existing cells
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compound light microscopes are limited and can magnify objects up to __ times its size

1000

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why are dyes often used on cells?

most cells are transparent, make cells and their parts visible

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how do electron microscopes work

They use beams of electrons that are focused by magnetic fields

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do electron microscopes work on living cells and tissue?

no, they must be placed in a vacuum therefore only work on nonliving cells and tissue

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list 3 characteristics for prokaryotic cells

  1. no nucleus
    2.no membrane
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list 3 characteristics for eukaryotic cells

  1. nucleus
  2. membrane
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what's an example for a prokaryote

bacteria

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what was the first photosynthetic organism to appear on Earth approximately 3 billion years ago?

cyanobacteria

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what did cyanobacteria contribute to Earth?

oxygen in the atmosphere

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what is a protist?

unicellular eukaryotic organism

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how many cells is your body made of?

30

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cells have different _, _, and _

sizes, structures, and functions

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how many different types of cells are in the human body?

200

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Define cytoplasm

jellylike substance inside the cell that contains organelles

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define organelle

specialized structure that performs important cellular functions within a cell

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Define selectively permeable

property of biological membranes that allows some substances to pass across it while others cannot; also called semipermeable membrane

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What is the nucleus?

the storehouse for most of the genetic information, or DNA, in your cells

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What is the mitochondria?

supply energy to the cell by making ATP (powerhouse of Cell City)

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What is a lysosome?

defends cell from invading bacteria and viruses; breaks down damages worn out cell parts (sanitation department in Cell City)

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what is a nucleolus?

makes ribosomes which in turn make proteins (city planning)

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What is a ribosome?

links amino acids to form proteins (farm, factory, construction site of Cell City)

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What is the golgi apparatus?

process, package, and deliver proteins from the ER (UPS for cell city)

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What is the endoplasmic reticulum ER?

production of proteins and lipids

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what is the cytoskeleton?

gives the cell its shape

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what is the cytoplasm?

contains dissolved building blocks or organelles (foundation of cell city)

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What is a vesicle?

transports materials from place to place within a cell (transportation for cell city)

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What is a centriole?

organizes cell division

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What is the cell wall? (plants only)

gives protection, support, and shape to the plant cell

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what is chloroplast? (plants only)

carries out photosynthesis

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What is a vacuole?

holds food, water, toxins, and pigment (storage unit for Cell City)

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what 2 structures do plant cells have that animal cells don't?

cell walls and chloroplasts

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what does the fluid mosaic model mean when discussing the cell (plasma) membrane?

proteins embedded in the liquid bilayer can move around and "float" among the lipids and because so many different kidns of molecules make up cell membrane (like a mosaic)

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what is the function of cholesterol?

extra strength and support

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what is the function for proteins?

  1. channels/ pumps helps move materials across the membrane
  2. attach to cytoskeleton
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what is the function for carbohydrates?

chemical identification "cards" allow individual cells to identify each other