AP Psych: Unit 4 Test Review

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Classical Conditioning

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32 Terms

1

Classical Conditioning

You take a stimulus and associate it with a reaction

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2

Operant Conditioning

reward and punishment

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3

Observational Learning

Watching someone and copying them

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4

Insight Learning

Your brain puts together a pattern and gets an "aha" moment

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5

Wolfgang Kohler

had a theory that we only learned through problem solving (chimps)

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6

Latent Learning

You are learning all sorts of things without intending to do so

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7

Edward Tohlman

rat maze

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8

Social Learning

The majority of what you learn you’re observing from other people and you don’t know you’re learning it (primarily parents)

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9

Albert Bandura

Bobo doll experiment

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10

Acquisition

Learning the conditioned response

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11

First Extinction Period

Forgetting the conditioned response

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12

Spontaneous Recovery

The conditioned response returns briefly in an unpredictable way

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13

Second Extinction Period

When the conditioned response is lost forever

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14

Generalization

person attaches conditioned response to all stimuli that are similar

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15

Stimulus discrimination

Your brain recognizes that similar stimulus are not the same

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16

CER

Conditioned Emotional Response

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17

Conditioned Emotional Response

Humans have a natural emotional response to many kinds of stimulus where it’s impossible or extremely difficult to change because of evolution

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18

Escape

remove negative stimulus

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19

Avoidance

Avoiding preemptively

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20

Learned Helplessness

When a person learns that there is no hope in succeeding, causes low self-esteem

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21

Superstitious Behavior

When a person attaches meaning to a random stimulus

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22

Illusion of Control

If I do this, that will happen

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23

Social Learning, Belongingness

You want to be part of a group so you follow their superstitions

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24

Hope, Counterfactual Thinking

Everything must have an explanation

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25

Ritual

Beneficial, reduces anxiety, helps to focus

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26

Superstition

Always bad and impedes behavior

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27

John Watson

Founder of behaviorism

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28

B.F. Skinner

Early behaviorist

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29

Early Behaviorists

Believed that all stimuli were equal and you could attach any behavior to any stimulus WHICH IS WRONG

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30

Evolutionary Adaptation

Because of evolution, not all stimulus is equal

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31

Taste Aversion (Garcia Effect)

When you get sick from eating something and never eat it again

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32

John Garcia

Rat sugar water experiment

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