Classical Conditioning
You take a stimulus and associate it with a reaction
Operant Conditioning
reward and punishment
Observational Learning
Watching someone and copying them
Insight Learning
Your brain puts together a pattern and gets an "aha" moment
Wolfgang Kohler
had a theory that we only learned through problem solving (chimps)
Latent Learning
You are learning all sorts of things without intending to do so
Edward Tohlman
rat maze
Social Learning
The majority of what you learn you’re observing from other people and you don’t know you’re learning it (primarily parents)
Albert Bandura
Bobo doll experiment
Acquisition
Learning the conditioned response
First Extinction Period
Forgetting the conditioned response
Spontaneous Recovery
The conditioned response returns briefly in an unpredictable way
Second Extinction Period
When the conditioned response is lost forever
Generalization
person attaches conditioned response to all stimuli that are similar
Stimulus discrimination
Your brain recognizes that similar stimulus are not the same
CER
Conditioned Emotional Response
Conditioned Emotional Response
Humans have a natural emotional response to many kinds of stimulus where it’s impossible or extremely difficult to change because of evolution
Escape
remove negative stimulus
Avoidance
Avoiding preemptively
Learned Helplessness
When a person learns that there is no hope in succeeding, causes low self-esteem
Superstitious Behavior
When a person attaches meaning to a random stimulus
Illusion of Control
If I do this, that will happen
Social Learning, Belongingness
You want to be part of a group so you follow their superstitions
Hope, Counterfactual Thinking
Everything must have an explanation
Ritual
Beneficial, reduces anxiety, helps to focus
Superstition
Always bad and impedes behavior
John Watson
Founder of behaviorism
B.F. Skinner
Early behaviorist
Early Behaviorists
Believed that all stimuli were equal and you could attach any behavior to any stimulus WHICH IS WRONG
Evolutionary Adaptation
Because of evolution, not all stimulus is equal
Taste Aversion (Garcia Effect)
When you get sick from eating something and never eat it again
John Garcia
Rat sugar water experiment