Introduction of Neuroscience

Thalamus

________: which part of the diencephalon of the processes emotional and some memory information, integrates different sensations, regulates consciousness, arousal & attention…essentially processes sensory information and relays a motor response.

Spinal Accessory

________: which cranial nerve elevates shoulders and turns head.

Cerebrocerebellum Cerebral Cortex

________: which cerebellar connection communicates with the cerebrum and is the final check to the movement being sent out.

CSF (cerebrospinal fluid)

________: modified filtrate of plasma, circulates from cavities in the brain to the surface of CNS into the venous blood system.

Vestibulocochlear

________: which cranial nerve senses of head position relative to gravity and head movement, hearing.

Subthalamus

________: which part of the diencephalon is a part of the neural circuit control movements (aids in movement control)

Hypothalamus

________: which part of the diencephalon maintains body temperature, metabolic rate and chemical composition of tissues & fluids (communicates with endocrine gland to regulate secretions)

Autonomic

________: which PNS system has nerve endings on our organs…automatically functioning, we are not conscious about entire neurons, sensory nerve endings, synapses, ganglia.

innervation

Weakness in muscles can be caused by ________ issue.

Somatic

_____: which PNS system are we conscious about it "feel it act on"... axons, sensory nerve endings, myelin.

Mid brain

________: where does info crosses over from one side to another.

Vestibulocerebellum

________ (Flocculonodular Lobe): which cerebellar connection detects head position relative to gravity…coordinates with inner ear & postural reflexes to keep us upright while we sit /move.

Hippocampus function

________= turning working memory to long lasting memory.(function of which part of the cerebrum)

Oculomotor

________: which cranial nerve moves pupil of eyes up & down, raises upper eyelid, constricts pupil.

Hippocampus

The ________ and Amygdala: apart of the limbic system…processes emotions and memory.

Oligodendrocytes

________: myelinate nerves of the CNS.

sensory fiber

Motor and ________ tracts travel through the brainstem.

Vagus

________: which cranial nerve regulates viscera, swallowing, speech & taste.

Motor fibers

________ carry info towards the PNS /Muscles (EFFERENT)

Micro-Gila

________: scavengers, remove plaques in the brain.

Systems Neuroscience

investigates groups of neurons that preform a common function

Behavioral Neuroscience

looks at the interaction among systems that effect behavior (looking at the output), behaviors influenced by environment and society

Cognitive Neuroscience

looks in the fields of thinking, learning and memory

Central Nervous System

composed of the brain system and spinal cord

Peripheral Nervous System

composed of peripheral nerves, spinal and cranial nerves

Neuron Theory

functions of the nervous system reflects the function of individual neurons, group of neurons and their connections

Bipolar Neuron

Which type of neuron is categorized as special senses of the face…found in retina, olfactory, ear (eyes & ears) , sensory info to brain

Pseudo-unipolar Neuron

Which type of neuron is categorized as/found in sympathetic ganglion, sensory info to the brain …found in sympathetic ganglia

Multipolar Neuron

Which type of neuron is categorized as (most common neuron image) motor neurons…found in distal PNS

Grey Matter

What type of matter is found in Ganglia, Nuclei, Cortex (information is integrated in _____ matter)

White Matter

What type of matter is found in Tract, Lemniscus, Fasciculus, Column, Peduncle, Capsule (internal cortex,doing various functions) (aka the highs for information to travel)

Glial of the CNS

these "helper" cells out number neurons

Astro

Which type of glial help support grey matter…Others support BB

Micro-Glial

Which type of glial are scavengers, remove plaques in the brain

Ependyma

Which type of glial are responsible for the formation and movement of spinal fluid & lining of ventricles

Oligodendrocytes

which cells myelinate nerves of the CNS

Dorsal region

Which region of the spinal cord contain interneurons and the ends of sensory neurons

Lateral region

Which region of the spinal cord contain autonomic cell bodies

Ventral region

 Which region of the spinal cord contain bodies of motor neurons and interneurons

Brainstem (3 sections)

Mid-brain, Pons and Medulla Oblongata

Mid-brain

in the brainstem where info crosses over from one side to another

Pons

in the brainstem where roots of cranial nerves 5,6,7,8

Medulla

in the brainstem where roots of cranial nerves 9,10,11,12

Cranial Nerves

1-12

Olfactory

smell (CN?)

Optic

vision (CN?)

Oculomotor

moves pupil of eyes up & down, raises upper eyelid, constricts pupil (CN?)

Trochlear

moves pupil of eye medially/down. (CN?)

Trigeminal

Facial sensation, chewing sensation of TMJ (CN?)

Abducens

abduct pupil of the eye (CN?)

Facial

facial expression, closes eyes, tears, salivation and taste (CN?)

Vestibulocochlear

sensation of head position relative to gravity and head movement, hearing (CN?)

Glossopharyngeal

swallowing, salivation and taste (CN?)

Vagus

regulates viscera, swallowing, speech & taste (CN?)

Spinal Accessory

elevates shoulders and turns head (CN?)

Hypoglossal

moves tongue (CN?)

_Cerebellum

aka lil brain...

Vestibulocerebellum (Flocculonodular Lobe)

Which cerebellar connection detects head position relative to gravity…coordinates with inner ear & postural reflexes to keep us upright while we sit/move

Spinocerebellum/Spinal Cord

Which cerebellar connection checks the sensory input from the spinal cord and that it matches the motor output…if not the cerebellum will correct/override

Cerebrocerebellum/ Cerebral Cortex

Which cerebellar connection communicates with the cerebrum and is the final check to the movement being sent out

Thalamus

Which part of the Diencephalon processes emotional and some memory information, integrates different sensations, regulates consciousness, arousal & attention…essentially processes sensory information and relays a motor response

Hypothalamus

Which part of the Diencephalon maintains body temperature, metabolic rate and chemical composition of tissues & fluids (communicates with endocrine gland to regulate secretions)

Epithalamus

Which part of the Diencephalon influences the secretions of other endocrine glands

Subthalamus

Which part of the Diencephalon part of the neural circuit control movements (aids in movement control)

The basal ganglia in the cerebral hemispheres is composed of the...

Caudate, Putamen and Globus Pallidus

Subthalamic Nucleus

which part of the basal ganglia is apart of the neural circuit

The Hippocampus and Amygdala

which part of the cerebrum apart of the limbic system…processes emotions and memory

Afferent axons

carries info TOWARDS CNS

Efferent axons

carries info AWAY from CNS

2 divisions of PNS

Somatic & Autonomic

Somatic

Which division of the PNS are we conscious about it, "we feel it & act on it"…axons, sensory nerve endings, myelin

Autonomic

Which division of the PNS are nerve endings on our organs…automatically functioning, we are not conscious about  entire neurons, sensory nerve endings, synapses, ganglia

All SOMATIC

"What we know we're doing"

Parasympathetic & Sympathetic

2 Autonomic systems have opposing effects on hollow organs

Sympathetic

(Autonomic system) fight or flight…pupils dilate, HR increases, airways dilate, blood directed away from GI & towards skeletal muscles, ejaculation

Parasympathetic

(Autonomic system) Rest & Digest (homeostasis) pupils constrict, HR decreases, Increase in GI blood flow and motility, blood to genitals increase

Cerebrospinal Fluid System

_____ is composed of Ventricles and Meninges

CFS

modified filtrate of plasma, circulates from cavities in the brain to the surface of CNS into the venous blood system

Meninges

_____ are membranous coverings

2 main arteries

Internal carotids & Vertebral arteries (posterior) are the __________ of the brain

Circle of Willis (anastomotic ring)

_____ supplies to the cerebral hemispheres

Anterior

major supplier of the Cerebral Hemispheres, 1st branch of the internal carotid

Middle

major supplier of the Cerebral Hemispheres, 2nd branch of the internal carotid

Posterior

major supplier of the Cerebral Hemispheres, continues from the Circle of Willis

Vasoneurium

Nerves need blood to the___________ contain blood supply, glial cells and supporting fascia