Final vocab ap hug

friction of distance

the farther away something is, the harder it is to get there

circular migration

leaves home, then goes back (seasonal)

cohort

something in common, usually age

ecumene

areas in the world where it is permanently inhabited

hollow core

emptying or declining area (becoming hollow)

transhumance

seasonal movements of people and their animals

transnational migration

living in one country while staying connected to another (remittance?)

built enviroment

enviroment that is built (people made surroundings)

cultural convergence

different cultures become more similar over time due to frequent interaction

cultural divergence

cultures growing apart because of isolation

isogloss

a line that seperates diffferent language features (pop vs soda)

commonwealth

a group of self governing states/regions with shared history and ties (uk and india)

irredentism

taking back land that believes they belong to them (russia and ukraine)

shatterbelts

a region where external powers are in conflict, causing instability.

swidden

clearing land for farming (slash and burn)

terrace farming

creating flat surfaces on hills for farming

gateway cities

cities that are entry points for trade and migrations

new urbanism

creating walkable neighborhoods so it is sustainable and connects communities together

slow growth cities

cities with population growth is minimal or negative

smart growth policies

planning cities in a smart and sustainable way

squatter settlements

places where people live illegally, usually in poor conditions

urban renewal

fixing deteriorated urban areas (can lead to gentrification)

absolute advantage

being able to produce more with less resources/effort

agglomeration

clustering of businesses/industries

commodity dependence

economy that relies on exporting one or a few resources

comparative advantage

being able to produce something at a lower cost

deagglomeration

businesses/industries moving away from clusters to reduce problems

dependency theory

developing countries rely on developed countries, which lead to inequality

ecotourism

traveling to natural areas that supports conservation

entrepot

trading hub where goods are imported and distributed

export processing zones

areas with special rules to encourage manufacturing for export

free trade

trade between countries without barriers like tarrifs/restrictions (USMCA)

gender parity

equal representation/opportunities for men and women

growth pole

central area where economic development sparks growth around it

international division of labor

different countries specialize in different types of work or industries

just in time delivery

receiving goods exactly when you need them to avoid storing extra inventory

multiplier effect

one investment leads to more economic activity and spending

neoliberal policies

policies that focus on reducint government control and promoting free markets

offshoring

moving business operation to another country to save money

outsourcing

hiring another ocmpany to do certain tasks in your company

post fordist methods

flexible, efficient and specialized ways of making products using technology and smaller scale production