policies or laws determined by a popular vote of the people
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direct primary
people vote on candidates for office, undercut power-hungry party bosses
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australian ballot
limited the use of bribery and intimidation of voters, aka secret ballot
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17th amendment
people directly vote on senators
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recall
enabled voters to remove elected officials
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initiative
voters directly propose legislation
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corrupt practices act
limited the amount of money that candidates could spend for their election and restricted corporate donations
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robert la follette
gov of wisconsin, progressive republican leader who attacked monopolies
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commission/city manager system
appointment of merit-based staffed commissions or managers to run municipal governments
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charles evans hughes
gov of new york who prosecuted gas, coal, and insurance companies for profiting off of avg americans
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hiram johnson
gov of california who prosecuted corrupt southern pacific railroad kings o win back control of the state govt for the people
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northern securities co v usa
1904; roosevelt administration used sherman antitrust act (1890) to prosecture hill and morgan of great northern railroad; dissolved a trust and gave T.R. reputation of a trust buster (actually a trust regulator)
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clayton antitrust act
1914; revised the definition of monopoly prohibiting any action that presents an unreasonable restraint on trade
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lochner v NY
1905; baking was not a hazardous job and the government has no power to regulate agreed upon terms of labor (max 10 hour workday)
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adkins v children’s hospital
1923; overturned federal law establishing minimum wage for women in dc on same basis and women did not merit greater workplace protections than men
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muller v oregon
1908; women are mothers (republican motherhood) and are entitled to special protections in hazardous workplaces
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maternity and infant act
1921; federal money for instruction for maternal and infant health care
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standard oil v usa
1911; ida tarbell muckraking exposed the abusive practices of standard oil co and provided evidence to dissolve the trust
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hammer v dagenhart
1918; conservative ruling limiting provisions of the keating owens act (1916); father of 14 y/o was mad his son couldn’t work in a textile mill; scotus ruled the production was done within a state does not meet the definition of interstate commerce