science vocab (copy)

Power

The time rate at which work is done or the rate at which energy is expended.

Work

The product of force and the distance through which the force moves.

Work-energy theorem

The principle that states the work done on an object is equal to the change in its kinetic energy.

Joule

The SI unit of energy and work, equivalent to a newton-meter.

Kinetic energy

The energy of motion, calculated using the formula 1/2 * mass * velocity^2.

Momentum

The product of an object's mass and its velocity.

Potential energy

The stored energy of an object due to its position, shape, or state.

Elastic collision

A collision where objects rebound without lasting deformation or generation of heat.

Energy

The property of a system that enables it to do work.

Impulse

The product of force and the time during which it acts on an object.

Impulse-momentum relationship

The principle that states impulse is equal to the change in an object's momentum.

Inelastic collision

A collision where objects become distorted, generate heat, and potentially stick together.

Conservation of energy

The principle that states the energy of a system remains unchanged in the absence of external work input or output.

Conservation of momentum

The principle that states the momentum of a system remains unchanged in the absence of an external force.

Efficiency

The percentage of work put into a machine that is converted into useful output.