Unit 1: Atoms - Flashcards

Flashcards covering key concepts from Unit 1: Atoms, including atomic structure, elements, compounds, and mixtures.

What happens to copper chloride during electrolysis?

Copper chloride can be broken down by electrolysis into simpler materials like copper and chlorine gas.

How can water be broken down into simpler substances?

Water can be broken down by electrolysis into hydrogen and oxygen.

What happens when potassium permanganate is heated?

Potassium permanganate can be heated to produce oxygen.

What gas is present if a glowing wooden splint catches fire?

If a glowing wooden splint catches fire, the gas is oxygen.

What are the properties of a mixture?

The components are not in a specific ratio, retain their own properties, can be separated by physical means, and often include elements and/or compounds mixed together.

What are the characteristics of a mixture in terms of particles and reactions?

Particles are not all the same; two or more materials are mixed without chemically reacting.

What are the characteristics of pure materials in terms of particles?

Particles are the same; can be elements or compounds that can be broken down chemically.

What kind of forces keep atoms together in a compound?

Attractive forces keep the atoms together so a compound can form.

What is a chemical bond?

The force that holds atoms together.

What is a chemical compound?

A material that is referred to. Example: H₂O

What does water consist of?

Two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom bonded together.

What is the composition of the oxygen gas that we inhale?

Two oxygen atoms bonded together.

What are the main particles within an atom and their charges?

Particles in the nucleus: neutrons (neutral) and protons (positive). Particles around the nucleus: electrons (negative).

What does all matter consist of?

Atoms, which possess mass and volume.

What are atoms?

The smallest particles of which all matter is made.

Which particles determine the mass of the atom?

Neutrons and protons.

Which particles determine the volume of the atom?

Electrons.

What is an element?

A material that cannot be broken down into two or more simpler materials by chemical means.

What is a compound?

A material that forms when two or more different elements chemically bond with each other and can be broken down chemically into simpler parts.

What are the characteristics of elements?

Elements consist of one kind of atom, are found on the Periodic Table, and cannot be broken down into simpler materials.

What are the characteristics of compounds?

Form when two or more different atoms chemically bond; can be broken down into simpler materials; are not found on the Periodic Table; only separated by chemical reactions; have different properties than their elements; atoms bonded in a specific ratio.

What are the characteristics of mixtures?

Components are not in a specific ratio, components retain their properties, components can easily be separated by physical methods.

What is a decomposition reaction?

Breaks up a compound into simpler products, and requires energy.

What is decomposition?

Breaking down compounds into simpler products, separated by chemical means, requires energy.

What is the organization of the Periodic Table?

Vertical columns known as groups and horizontal rows known as periods.

How are elements placed on the Periodic Table?

Placed in order based on number of protons; vertically in groups based on electrons in outermost energy level; horizontally in periods based on energy level where outermost electrons are found.

How is a molecule formed?

Two atoms bond to form a molecule.

What are diatomic elements?

Consist of two identical atoms.

What are diatomic compounds?

Molecules that do not necessarily consist of identical atoms.

What are the seven diatomic elements on the Periodic Table?

H₂, N₂, O₂, F₂, Cl₂, Br₂, and I₂

How are compounds formed?

Elements reacting chemically with each other.

How are compounds broken down and what do they consist of?

By chemical means and consist of atoms of two or more different elements chemically bonded together. Their properties differ from the elements they are made of.

How can compounds be broken down into simpler materials?

By heating or electrolysis.

What is electrolysis?

An electrical current is sent through a solution to break it down.

What does an atom consist of?

Atoms of one element differ from atoms of other elements; atoms, neutrons, protons and electrons.

What are the charges of neutrons, protons, and electrons?

Neutrons are neutral, protons are positive, electrons are negative.

Where are neutrons and protons found in an atom?

Nucleus

Where are electrons found in an atom?

Space around nucleus

What makes up the nucleus of an atom?

Protons and neutrons.

Which subatomic particles are responsible for the volume of an atom?

Electrons

Which subatomic particles are responsible for the mass of an atom?

Nucleons